战后美国地区研究的发展和兴替——以伯克利加州大学东亚研究为例  

The Development and Evolution of Post-World War II Area Studies in the U.S.—The Case of East Asian Studies at the University of California,Berkeley

作　　者：任晓 Ren Xiao

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第2期82-95,158,共15页International Forum

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目“百年未有之大变局下中国特色国别和区域研究的理论和实践探索”(项目批准号:21JZD064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：第二次世界大战结束后,美国的地区研究经历了一个繁荣发展和制度化的演变过程。本文试图以小见大,通过剖析伯克利加州大学东亚研究的历史进程反映和揭示战后美国地区研究的发展和兴替,亦为当前中国兴起的区域国别研究提供借鉴。战后美国地区研究的兴替是与时代机运和历史条件息息相关的。战后尤其是1958年《国防教育法》生效后,美国联邦政府的相关举措和私人基金会的慷慨捐资相结合,形成了强大的推动力量,促使地区研究出现了蓬勃发展之势。地区研究的发展状况与领军人物的眼光、水平、能力之间也存在直接关系。资金保障则始终是地区研究的生命线。此外,美国的地区研究还受到国内政治的深刻影响。伯克利东亚研究的历史是战后美国地区研究发展演进的一个缩影。近些年来,中美关系的巨变产生了广泛而深刻的影响,美国对华负面认知泛化和强化,本不应该政治化的学术研究不同程度地政治化了。这一政治氛围,正在对包括中国研究在内的美国地区研究产生十分微妙而深入的影响。Since the end of the Second World War,area studies in the United States has undergone an evolutionary process of rapid growth and later institutionalization.This article intends to reveal the development and evolution of the post-World War II area studies in the U.S.through a careful look at East Asian Studies at the University of California,Berkeley,a leading American research university.This program has experienced ups and downs which are closely related to contemporary situations and conditions.After the War’s end and especially after the National Defense Education Act of 1958 took effect,the relevant measures taken by the Federal Government,combined with generous grants from private foundations,formed a powerful force that stimulated the growth and prosperity of area studies in the country.The condition of area studies has also been closely related to the insight,level and capability of the leading figures,while funding is always the lifeline.In addition,area studies in the U.S.is affected by American domestic politics.The history of East Asian studies at Berkeley is a microcosm of the overall area studies in the United States.In recent years,the about-face of the Sino-U.S.relations has had a profound and widespread impact,and the negative perception of China is widening and deepening.This political atmosphere is exerting a subtle and profound impact on area studies in the U.S.,Chinese studies included.

关 键 词：区域国别研究 地区研究 伯克利加州大学 东亚研究 中美关系 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]