“田野调查+”:论区域国别学的田野调查研究方法  

“Fieldwork+”:on the Fieldwork Research Method of Country and Area Studies

作　　者：朱文珊 吴浩[1] Zhu Wenshan;Wu Hao

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第2期115-133,159,160,共21页International Forum

基　　金：2023年北京外国语大学“双一流”重大(点)标志性项目“推动共建‘一带一路’高质量发展研究”(项目批准号:2023SYLA006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着区域国别学学科建设的不断推进,其研究方法体系逐步细化。研究者深入特定国家或地区进行田野调查,成为区域国别学核心研究方法之一。田野调查法起源于人类学,随着学科发展与社会变迁,逐渐“外溢”到社会学、历史学、政治学等其他学科。田野调查法由参与观察、访谈、深描、谱系图等构成,具有在场性、整体性、比较性等特征,可以提供研究对象国家和地区的本土经验与第一手资料,能够满足区域国别学自主知识体系的构建需求。基于学科设置与研究目标的不同,区域国别学应在参考人类学田野调查法的基础上,采取更为宏观的研究视角,形成多学科、跨学科的“田野调查+”研究方法。“田野调查+”以人类学田野调查法为核心方法,结合政治学、历史学、经济学、地理学等多学科方法,可以使研究者获得本土经验,基于“国情”“区情”提出具体问题,收集大量第一手材料,全面深刻地理解区域国别场域中的政治、经济、社会、文化现象。“田野调查+”作为结合理论与实践、打通跨学科道路的区域国别学研究方法,有助于区域国别学自主知识体系的构建。With the continuous advancement of country and area studies as a discipline,its research methodology system has been progressively refined.Fieldwork conducted in specific countries or areas has become one of the core research methods in country and area studies.Fieldwork originated in anthropology and,with the development of the discipline and the changes in society,has gradually“spilled over”into other disciplines such as sociology,history,and political science.Fieldwork consists of such methods as participant observation,interviews,thick description,genealogy,and so on.Characterized by presence,holism and comparison,fieldwork provides local experiences and firsthand materials from target countries and areas,addressing the needs to construct independent knowledge systems of country and area studies.Given the diverse disciplinary structures and research objectives,country and area studies should adopt a more macro-level perspective,drawing on anthropological fieldwork methods to develop a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary“fieldwork+”research methodology.The“fieldwork+”takes anthropological fieldwork as its core method while integrating approaches from political science,history,economics,geography,and other disciplines.This approach enables researchers to gain local insights,formulate questions based on the specific contexts of target countries and areas,collect extensive first-hand materials,and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the political,economic,social,and cultural phenomena within the field of country and area studies.As a research method that integrates theory with practice and bridges interdisciplinary approaches,“fieldwork+”contributes to the construction of an independent knowledge system for country and area studies.

关 键 词：区域国别学 人类学 田野调查 研究方法 自主知识体系构建 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]