拉美印第安人选举政治参与及其影响  

Indigenous Electoral Participation in Latin America and Its Implications

作　　者：邵禹铭 李紫莹 Shao Yuming;Li Ziying

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学外语学院,北京100029 [2]北京外国语大学,北京100089 [3]北京外国语大学西班牙语葡萄牙语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《国际论坛》2025年第2期134-154,160,共22页International Forum

基　　金：2023年国家社会科学基金重大项目“拉美马克思主义研究及其代表人物著作译介”(项目批准号:23&ZD018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：拉美印第安人自殖民时期以来长期受到制度性排斥。自20世纪后半叶起,受新自由主义经济改革、政治机会结构改善和法律进步的影响,拉美印第安人逐渐将参与选举政治作为行使政治权利、提升政治影响力的重要途径。他们根据自身实力与参选动机灵活地选择竞选方式,除了依托传统政党等现有平台,还建立族群政党,缔结选举联盟,或以独立候选人的身份参选,其竞选纲领也经历了由农民诉求向族群诉求、由物质资源向抽象权利、由着眼自身到兼容并包、由专注国内到放眼世界的转变。经过数十年的努力,印第安人业已成为拉美多国不可小觑的选举政治力量,其选举参与不仅推动了民主深化、社会融入和区域合作,还为全球治理提供了新的思路,但他们同样面临制度设计、外界干预和自身缺陷等带来的困境。如何持续加强族群政党及其代表参与公共决策的能力,推动拉美政治生活向更加包容多元的方向深入发展,始终是摆在拉美各国政府和印第安族群政党面前的任务。Indigenous peoples in Latin America have historically endured institutional exclusion and a lack of voice since the colonial period.From the latter half of the 20th century,due to neoliberal economic reforms,improvements in political opportunity structures,and legal advancements,Latin American Indigenous peoples have increasingly come to view electoral politics as an important mechanism to exercise their political rights and expand their political influence.They choose their participation forms flexibly based on their abilities and motivations.In addition to the traditional political parties,they have participated through ethnic parties and electoral coalitions,or as independent candidates.Through their election platforms,they have shifted the focus from peasant demands to ethnic demands,from material resources to abstract rights,from themselves to the whole society,and from domestic issues to global concerns.After decades of effort,Indigenous peoples have become a powerful political force in many Latin American countries,which not only deepens democracy,social cohesion,and regional cooperation but also offers new perspectives for global governance.However,they also face dilemmas stemming from institutional design,external intervention,and inherent deficiencies.The challenges facing governments and Indigenous ethnic parties have always been how to achieve a transformation from quantitative to qualitative change,and continuously strengthen the capacity of ethnic parties and their representatives to engage in public decision-making while also making political life in Latin America more inclusive and pluralistic.

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 印第安人 选举 族群政党 

分 类 号：D50[政治法律—政治学]