新型冠状病毒感染疫情对大学生心理健康的影响:一项追踪研究  

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Mental Health of College Students:A Longitudinal Study

作　　者：袁辰馨 张跃[1] 王俊丽 杨雪花[1] YUAN Chenxin;ZHANG Yue;WANG Junli;YANG Xuehua(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,南京211106

出　　处：《心理学通讯》2024年第4期235-241,共7页Psychological Communications

基　　金：南京航空航天大学2022年(第七期)“三育人”专题项目;江苏省“十三五”规划2020年度高教重点资助课题、精品课题(编号:B-a/2020/01/33);2020年江苏省高等教育学会辅导员工作研究会专项(编号:20FYHYB006)。

摘　　要：目的:追踪观察新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间及疫情结束后大学生的心理健康变化,了解疫情对大学生心理健康的影响及演变。方法:2021年4月—2024年4月采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)和心理韧性量表,对2468名大学生进行连续4年的追踪调查。结果:大学生SCL-90量表总分及9个因子均分在2024年最低,且差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01);除躯体化、抑郁、偏执外,其余因子均分均呈逐年递减趋势(p<0.01)。大学生心理韧性总分及5个因子分在2021—2024年间差异也具有统计学意义(p<0.01),除积极认知外,其他4个因子2024年分值最高,且与2023年相比存在差异(p<0.01)。结论:新型冠状病毒感染疫情给大学生的心理健康带来了负面影响,且有一定的持续性。到2024年,大学生心理健康及心理韧性水平逐渐提高,但积极认知方面目前仍未恢复。在今后的大学生心理健康教育工作中,需要更注重培养学生的情绪调节能力和积极认知,提高其心理韧性。Objective:To observe changes on mental health of college students during and after the COVID-19 epidemic,to understand the impact of the epidemic on their mental health,and to make mental health education more targeted and effective.Methods:A longitudinal survey was conducted on 2468 college students over a four-year period(April 2021-April 2024)using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and the Psychological Resilience Scale.Results:The mean scores of SCL-90 and the nine factors from 2021 to 2023 were higher than in 2024,with significant differences(p<0.01).Except for somatization,depression,and paranoia,the mean scores for the other factors showed a significant decreasing trend year by year(p<0.01).There were significant differences in the total score of psychological resilience and the scores of its five sub-factors from 2021 to 2024(p<0.01).Except for positive cognition,the scores for the other four factors were highest in 2024,with significant differences compared to 2023(p<0.01).Conclusion:The epidemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of college students,with some lasting effects.By 2024,the mental health and psychological resilience of students have gradually improved,but positive cognition has not yet recovered.Future mental health education should focus on improving psychological resilience,developing students’emotional regulation skills,and fostering positive cognition.

关 键 词：心理健康 心理韧性 新型冠状病毒感染 疫情 大学生 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]