解码焦虑:心脑交互的视角  

Decoding Anxiety:Insights from Heart-Brain Interaction

作　　者：刘沛兵 周仁来[1,2,3] LIU Peibing;ZHOU Renlai(Department of Psychology,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Department of Radiology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems,Beijing 100803,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学心理学系,南京210023 [2]南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院影像科,南京210008 [3]媒体融合生产技术与系统国家重点实验室,北京100803

出　　处：《心理学通讯》2024年第4期262-271,共10页Psychological Communications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32471094)。

摘　　要：焦虑是对潜在威胁极度敏感的状态,伴随着痛苦、不安和躯体反应,对个体的生活造成影响。心脑交互是理解焦虑发生机制的一条重要途径。詹姆斯-兰格的情绪理论、达马西奥的躯体标记假说以及塞耶的神经内脏整合模型,都强调了情绪与身体之间的紧密关联,探讨了心脑之间的互动如何影响焦虑。导致焦虑产生的信息输入包括外源性的感官输入以及内源性的心理构建。心脏不仅反应情绪,同时也通过调节心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)来影响负责情绪处理的大脑区域。随着计算神经科学建模技术的发展,通过实证研究探究在心脑交互视角下焦虑的产生与干预变得更为可行。对焦虑的干预策略可以沿着两个途径探索。从脑到心的路径,通过脑刺激可以调节与焦虑相关的中枢神经网络。从心到脑的路径,侧重于生物反馈训练强化个体对自主神经反应的调节能力,从而对缓解焦虑症状产生积极影响。未来,需要更多综合心脑多模态数据,以身心一体的视角来审视焦虑的机制与治疗,为临床实践提供更多维的启示。Anxiety is a state of heightened sensitivity to potential threats,accompanied by distress,unease,and somatic responses,affecting individuals’lives.The interaction between the heart and brain is an important pathway for understanding the mechanisms of anxiety.The James-Lange theory of emotion,Damasio’s somatic marker hypothesis,and the neurovisceral integration model emphasize the close connection between emotions and the body,exploring how heart-brain interaction influences anxiety.The input leading to anxiety includes exogenous sensory input and endogenous psychological construction.The heart not only responds to emotions but also influences brain regions related to emotional processing through the regulation of heart rate variability(HRV).With the advancement of computational neuroscience modeling techniques,it has become increasingly feasible to empirically investigate the emergence and intervention of anxiety from the perspective of cardiocerebral interaction.Intervention strategies for anxiety can be explored along two pathways.From brain to heart,brain stimulation can regulate central neural networks associated with anxiety to implement interventions.From heart to brain,this pathway focuses on biofeedback training to enhance individuals’ability to regulate autonomic nervous system responses,thereby positively alleviating anxiety symptoms.In the future,it is essential to integrate multimodal heart-brain data and examine the mechanisms and treatment of anxiety from a mind-body integrated perspective,providing multidimensional insights for clinical practice.

关 键 词：焦虑 心脑交互 情绪 自主神经反应 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学] R395[医药卫生—医学心理学]