从脆弱国家到韧性国家:寻求秩序与繁荣的国家建设  

From Fragile States to Resilient States: State Building towardOrder and Prosperity

作　　者：王正绪 陈元勋 WANG Zheng-xu;CHEN Yuan-xun(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《公共治理研究》2025年第2期26-41,共16页PUBLIC GOVERNANCE RESEARCH

摘　　要：难以形成有效秩序、实现经济社会发展繁荣的“脆弱国家”是广大发展中国家常见的制度建设困境。国家建构不充分、外部依赖过高、“空壳化”的政权建设等因素,最终汇聚为一种国家的脆弱性。“韧性国家”是脆弱国家的对立面,是一种能实现稳定和有弹性的政治秩序,进而实现经济、社会发展的国家状态。以韧性国家为目标进行国家建设,需要抛弃西方以民主或专制给政体简单地贴标签的做法,强调国家“嵌入的自主性”,谋求与社会的有机统一与良性互动。建设国家韧性,需要以行政组织的科层化解决国家的基础性权力和自主性问题,建立政治调解与吸纳机制,注重国家认同和代表性制度的培育。Many developing countries face institutional challenges that prevent them fromestablishing effective order and achieving economic and social development,often resulting in the phenomenon of“fragile states”.Factors such as insufficient state-building,excessive external dependence,and hollowed-out governance structures ultimately converge into a fragility of the state.A“resilient state”is the opposite of a fragile state,a state that can achieve stable and flexible political order,and thus achieve economic and social development.Building a resilient state requires moving beyond the simplistic Western democracy-authoritarianism dichotomy.Instead,it is crucial to emphasize the“embedded autonomy”of the state,which seeks to harmonize the state's autonomous capacity with organic integration and positive interaction with society.To enhance state resilience,it is necessary to build administrative bureaucracies to secure state's infrastructure power and autonomy,establish mechanisms for political mediation and inclusion,and focus on building national identity and representative institutions.

关 键 词：脆弱国家 失败国家 韧性国家 国家自主性 基础性权力 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]