基于河道淤泥与农业有机废弃物的花卉栽培基质筛选  

Screening of Flower Cultivation Substrates Based on Riverway Silt and Agricultural Solid Organic Wastes

作　　者：张苗 董青君 谢昶琰 麻艳威 陈川[1] 章安康[1] ZHANG Miao;DONG Qingjun;XIE Changyan;MA Yanwei;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG Ankang(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Area in Jiangsu,Huai′an,Jiangsu 223001;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第7期122-129,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：乡村河道淤泥的栽培基质应用研究资助项目(HABL202230);江苏省水利科技资助项目(2023056);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金资助项目(HNY202125)。

摘　　要：以河道淤泥与菇渣、酒糟和木薯渣为主要原料,经过不同比例混合复配并栽培不同的花卉,研究比较了不同配方下基质理化性质的差异以及对孔雀草、百日草和万寿菊3种花卉生长的影响,并运用隶属函数综合分析各配方的育苗效果,以期为有效实现河道淤泥和农业有机废弃物的资源化利用提供参考依据。结果表明:复配的配方基质中T9(20%淤泥+30%菇渣+30%木薯渣+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石)处理的理化性质表现最优,EC值、全磷、速效钾和碱解氮含量最高。不同花卉盆栽结果表明,孔雀草栽培中,T9处理的开花数达到每盆11朵、茎粗3.66 mm,显著高于其他处理,T6(20%淤泥+30%酒糟+30%木薯渣+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石)处理的株高以及生物量表现最优;百日草栽培中,T9处理地上部干鲜质量为各处理中最高;万寿菊栽培中,T9处理每盆开花数最高为7.75朵,且地上地下部干质量均为各处理最高值。利用隶属函数对各评价指标进行量化后发现,T9处理在孔雀草的隶属函数值排名第二,在百日草和万寿菊的隶属函数值均排名第一,T6处理在孔雀草、百日草和万寿菊的隶属函数值排名分别为第一、二、三,综合比较,T9和T6处理可以作为花卉栽培基质的适宜配方。Taking riverway silt,mushroom residue,distiller′s grains,and cassava residue as the main raw materials,which were mixed and compounded in different proportions to cultivate different flowers.Compared the physicochemical characteristics and the growth of three flowers.Tagetes patula,Zinnia elegans,and Tagetes erecta between different formulas,and subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate and select a better formula for flower cultivation,in order to provide reference for the effective resource utilization of riverway silt and agricultural organic wastes.The results showed that T9(20%riverway silt+30%mushroom residue+30%cassava residue+10%perlite+10%vermiculite)treatment exhibited the best physicochemical properties,with the highest EC value,total phosphorus,available potassium,and alkaline nitrogen content.The pot experiment of Tagetes patula showed that,the T9 treatment had 11 flowers per pot and the stem diameter of 3.66 mm,significantly higher than other treatments.The T6(20%riverway silt+30%distiller′s grains+30%cassava residue+10%perlite+10%vermiculite)treatment showed the best plant height and biomass performance.In the pot experiment of Zinnia elegans,the dry and fresh weight of the aboveground in T9 treatment was the highest among all treatments.In Tagetes erecta cultivation,the T9 treatment had 7.75 flowers per pot which was the highest one,and the dry weight of the aboveground and underground was the highest among all treatments.The subordinate function method result indicated that T9 and T6 treatments could be used as suitable formulas for flower cultivation substrates.

关 键 词：河道淤泥 农业有机废弃物 花卉 基质配方 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]