北京房山区霞云岭乡四合村安子沟泥石流成因研究与防治工程设计  

Formation Mechanisms and Mitigation Engineering Design of the Anzigou Debris Flow in Sihe Village,Xiayunling Township,Fangshan District,Beijing

作　　者：周亮 ZHOU Liang(Beijing Institute of Geological Hazard Prevention,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100120

出　　处：《华南地质》2025年第1期229-239,共11页South China Geology

基　　金：北京市突发地质灾害监测预警系统工程运行(11000023T000002124048);北京市突发地质灾害应急调查技术服务(11000022T000000439462);北京山区道路典型崩塌“五度”专项研究(11000023T000002119382)。

摘　　要：2023年7月29日20时至8月2日7时,受第5号强台风“杜苏芮”残余环流及副热带高压影响,北京遭遇有仪器测量记录140年以来最强降雨天气,北京市房山区霞云岭乡四合村安子沟泥石流受强降雨影响严重,大量碎石冲出后堆积于沟道内,造成部分排水沟损毁,村道路基掏空,农田冲毁,威胁当地村民的生命财产安全。本文通过对安子沟泥石流现场情况进行详细调查,采用槽探、物探、岩土测试等勘查手段,确定了该泥石流的基本特征,计算了泥石流动力学参数,结合遥感影像对其形成机制、动力学特征进行了综合分析,最后对安子沟泥石流进行了综合治理。结果表明:该沟泥石流在短时强降雨情况下,大量雨水入渗坡面形成地表径流并汇于沟道内;由于土壤的含水量增大,土中孔隙水压力增加,沟道内堆积物的粘聚力和内摩擦角减小,导致坡面表层土体失稳发生崩塌、滑坡,大量松散固体物质涌入沟道;水流沿沟道掏蚀、侧蚀沟道岸坡又形成了大量松散固体物质。该泥石流松散堆积物动储量为78294 m^(3),物源类型主要分为崩滑型、沟道冲刷型、坡面侵蚀型和弃渣堆积型,其中占比较大的为崩滑型物源、沟道冲刷型物源;通过计算确定了泥石流动力学的各项参数,最后采用“沟道清理+拆除破损结构+拦挡坝+排导槽”拦、排相结合的综合治理方案。From 20:00 on July 29 to 7:00 on August 2,2023,influenced by the residual circulation of Typhoon Doksuri(No.5)and the subtropical high-pressure system,Beijing experienced its most intense rainfall in 140 years of instrumental records.The Anzigou debris flow in Xiayunling Township,Fangshan District,Beijing,was severely impacted by the heavy rainfall.Massive amounts of debris rushed out and accumulated in the gully,causing partial destruction of drainage ditches,hollowing out of village road foundations,farmland erosion,and posing threats to local residents'lives and property.Through detailed field investigations of the Anzigou debris flow,employing trench exploration,geophysical exploration,and geotechnical testing,this study identified the fundamental characteristics of the debris flow.Dynamic parameters were calculated, and remote sensing imagery was integrated to comprehensively analyze itsformation mechanisms and dynamic characteristics. Ultimately, comprehensive mitigation measures wereimplemented for the Anzigou debris flow. Results indicate that due to short-duration intense rainfall,significant rainwater infiltration formed surface runoff converging in the gully. Increased soil moisturecontent elevated pore water pressure and reduced cohesion and internal friction angle of gully deposits,triggering slope surface instability manifesting itself as collapses and landslides that delivered substantialloose material into the channel. Subsequent channel scouring and bank erosion generated additional loosedeposits. The dynamic reserves of loose material totaled 78 294 m^(3), with material sources categorized ascollapse-slide type (predominant), channel erosion type, slope erosion type, and waste accumulation type.Through parameter calculations of debris flow dynamics, an integrated mitigation strategy as “channelclearance-damaged structure removal-check dams-diversion channels” was adopted, effectively addressingboth interception and drainage requirements.

关 键 词："23·7"强降雨 安子沟泥石流 成因分析 基本特征 动力学参数 防治工程设计 北京房山区 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]