基于SPI的扎龙湿地干湿变化及对湿地景观破碎化影响研究  

Study on the Changes of Dry and Wet Characteristics in Zhalong Wetland Based on SPI and Its Impact on Wetland Landscape Fragmentation

作　　者：刘兴丽[1] 关宁欣 嵇志华[1] 刘长成 Liu Xingli;Guan Ningxin;Ji Zhihua;Liu Changcheng(Heilongjiang Meteorological Data Center,Haerbin 150000,China;Qiqihaer Meteorological Office,Qiqihaer 161000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象数据中心,哈尔滨150000 [2]齐齐哈尔市气象局,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2025年第1期73-77,共5页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省气象局科技创新发展项目(HQZC2022009)。

摘　　要：利用扎龙湿地附近国家气象站点的月降水资料,通过标准化降水指数(SPI)及小波分析方法,分析了扎龙湿地干湿状况的气候变化特征。结果表明,扎龙湿地干湿变化存在年际(4~8 a)和年代际(24 a)变化特征。1903-2020年,扎龙湿地的干湿程度随时间波动较为显著,其中1900s-1920s偏干旱,1930s-1960s偏湿润,1970s偏干旱,1980s-2010s偏湿润。空间分布上,除湿地东南部有干旱趋势外,其他区域均表现为湿润趋势。因此,扎龙湿地整体表现为偏湿润趋势。进一步分析发现,在全球变暖背景下,极端干旱天气气候事件发生的可能性将会增大,而短期内连续极端干旱会对扎龙湿地生态系统产生严重影响,造成湿地范围缩小,生物多样性减少,从而导致湿地景观破碎化过程加剧。Based on the monthly precipitation data from the observation stations near the Zhalong wetland,the climate change features of dry and wet conditions of Zhalong wetland is investigated by the wavelet analysis method according to the standard precipitation index(SPI).The results show that there exist inter-annual(4-8 years)and inter-decadal(around 24 years)variations in the drought and wetness of Zhalong wetland.From 1903 to 2020,the drought and wetness degrees of Zhalong Wetland fluctuated significantly with time,with a tendency towards dryness from the early 1900s to the 1920s and also in the 1970s,and a tendency towards wetness from the 1930s to the 1960s and then from the 1980s to the 2010s.In terms of spatial distribution,Zhalong wetland is characterized by a wetness trend except its southeast part.Therefore,Zhalong wetland shows a tendency of wetness as a whole.Further analysis indicates that the frequency of extreme drought will increase under the background of global warming.Moreover,a short term of continuous extreme drought condition can bring a tremendous influence to the Zhalong wetland ecosystem.As a result,the drought tendency of the wetland may lead to the reduction in biodiversity and the shrinkage of the wetland acreage,finally intensifying the landscape fragmentation process of the Zhalong wetland.

关 键 词：标准化降水指数 干湿变化 景观破碎化 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]