中国中间品贸易:现状、挑战及对策——基于企业权属视角的考察  

China’s Intermediate Goods Trade:Current Situation,Challenges and Countermeasures-An Examination from the Perspective of Enterprise Ownership

作　　者：葛顺奇[1,2] 陈卓 Ge Shunqi;Chen Zhuo(Institute of International Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071;Research Center for Multinational Corporations,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学国际经济研究所,天津300071 [2]南开大学跨国公司研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《开放导报》2025年第2期34-43,共10页China Opening Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项:深化外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革的重点难点与制度创新研究(24ZDA061)。

摘　　要：拓展中间品贸易是中国迈向贸易强国的关键路径。从企业权属视角看,在华外资企业中间品贸易份额逐步下滑,计算机、电子及光学设备等高附加值领域仍占据主导地位;内资企业则主要承担加工组装环节,与新兴市场的中间品贸易有待进一步深化。国际比较表明,在华外资企业中间品贸易增速低于美国和韩国;内资企业在高附加值中间品贸易占比以及全球化运营水平上均低于美日韩。当前,中国中间品贸易拓展面临全球产业链供应链重塑、外商投资管理体制短板约束、境外国家招商引资政策竞争加剧,以及美国等少数国家实施的双重管制与关税争端等挑战。应深化外商投资管理体制改革,完善内资企业对外投资机制,健全内外资企业中间品贸易发展体系,强化开放型经济安全保障,协同推进中国中间品贸易的高质量发展。Expanding intermediate goods trade is a crucial path for China to advance towards becoming a trading powerhouse.From the perspective of enterprise ownership,the share of intermediate goods trade held by foreign-funded enterprises in China has gradually declined,although they still dominate high value-added fields such as computers,electronics and optical equipment.Domestically funded enterprises mainly undertake processing and assembly links,and their intermediate goods trade with emerging markets needs further deepening.International comparisons indicate that the growth rate of intermediate goods trade by foreign-funded enterprises in China is lower than that in the United States and South Korea.Domestically funded enterprises lag behind the US,Japan and South Korea in terms of the proportion of high value-added intermediate goods trade and the level of global operations.Currently,the expansion of China’s intermediate goods trade faces challenges such as the reshaping of global industrial and supply chains,constraints from shortcomings in the foreign investment management system,intensified competition from overseas countries’investment promotion policies,dual controls and tariff disputes imposed by a few countries,including the United States.China should deepen the reform of the foreign investment management system,improve the outward investment mechanism for domestically funded enterprises,enhance the development system for foreign trade in intermediate goods for both domestic and foreign-funded enterprises,strengthen the security safeguards for an open economy,and collaboratively promote the high-quality development of China’s intermediate goods trade.

关 键 词：中间品贸易 高水平开放 企业权属 外商直接投资 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易]