人工生境和自然生境生物群落的连通性初探  

Preliminary study on connectivity of organism communities in artificial and natural habitats

作　　者：陈涛[1] 李征 路吉坤 伏光辉 张硕[1,3] 高世科 Chen Tao;Li Zheng;Lu Jikun;Fu Guanghui;Zhang Shuo;Gao Shike(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Marine and Fishery Development Promotion Center,Lianyungang 222002,China;Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze River Estuary,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]连云港市海洋与渔业发展促进中心,江苏连云港222002 [3]长江口水生生物资源监测与保护联合实验室,上海201306 [4]自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室/福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋学报》2025年第1期91-103,共13页

基　　金：2022年度江苏省对市县农业生态保护与资源利用专项—海州湾国家级海洋牧场示范区年度监测及栖息地连通性专题研究项目(XSDCG20230027);中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助项目(E-6005-00-0042-39);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231539);自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室/福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室开放基金课题(EPR2024007)。

摘　　要：为了深入了解近岸海域不同生境间的群落格局及其相互联系,有必要探究影响人工生境和自然生境物种分布与生态连通性的潜在因素。本研究对江苏海州湾4种典型生境——人工鱼礁区(ARA)、紫菜养殖区(NCA)、牡蛎礁区(OCA)、天然海区(NA)的鱼类和无脊椎动物群落开展综合调查。结果显示,4种生境的物种丰度存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中有一些重要物种能够同时存在于多种生境,也有些特有物种仅存在于一种生境。ARA中的口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)生物量远高于其他生境,矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)体长在ARA、NCA和OCA均显著大于NA的(P<0.05),这一差异与饵料生物分布密切相关。不同生活习性的鱼类体长分布差异表明,物种洄游行为在生物分布和生境连通中发挥重要作用。洄游性鱼类小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)在人工生境内的体长显著大于自然生境的(P<0.05)。定栖性鱼类如矛尾虾虎鱼体长在OCA显著大于ARA和NCA的(P<0.05),而焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)体长在NCA显著大于ARA和OCA的(P<0.05)。本研究表明:人工生境通过提升生境复杂性,形成有利于海洋生物资源恢复和个体发育的环境条件。饵料生物分布和物种洄游特性与不同生境间的连通性具有潜在的联系。To better understand the community patterns and their interconnections between different habitats in coastal areas,it is essential to explore the potential factors influencing species distribution and ecological connectivity between artificial and natural habitats.This study conducted a comprehensive survey of fish and invertebrate communities across four typical habitats in Haizhou Bay,Jiangsu Province:artificial reef area(ARA),nori culture area(NCA),oyster culture area(OCA),and natural area(NA).The results showed significant differences in species abundance among the four habitats(P<0.05),with some important species occurring across multiple habitats,and some endemic species restricted to a single habitat.The biomass of Oratosquilla oratoria in ARA was significantly higher compared to other habitats,and the body length of Chaeturichthys stigmatias in ARA,NCA,and OCA was significantly greater than in NA(P<0.05),which was strongly associated with the distribution of prey organisms.Differences in body length distributions of fish with different life habits indicate that species migration behavior plays an important role in species distribution and habitat connectivity.Migratory fish species,such as Larimichthys polyactis and Sardinella zunasi,exhibited significantly greater body lengths in artificial habitats compared to natural habitats(P<0.05).Resident fish species,such as Chaeturichthys stigmatias,exhibited significantly larger body lengths in OCA compared to ARA and NCA(P<0.05),while Cynoglossus joyneri exhibited a significantly greater body length in NCA than in ARA and OCA(P<0.05).This study demonstrates that artificial habitats,by enhancing habitat complexity,provide favorable environmental conditions for the restoration of marine biological resources and the development of individuals.The distribution of prey organisms and species migration characteristics are likely associated with connectivity between different habitats.

关 键 词：海州湾 人工鱼礁区 牡蛎礁区 紫菜养殖区 天然海区 生物群落 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]