负泊松比结构纺织材料的研究进展  

Research progress of textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio

作　　者：杨瑞华 华昱竹 YANG Ruihua;HUA Yuzhu(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《现代纺织技术》2025年第4期1-12,共12页Advanced Textile Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52273034)。

摘　　要：负泊松比结构的纺织材料因其独特的力学性能,展现出良好的抗剪切性、能量吸收性和断裂韧性,因此在防护、传感以及医疗领域具有潜在的应用价值。系统讨论了国内外负泊松比结构纺织材料的研究成果,并阐述了其最新进展。首先介绍了几种常见的负泊松比结构类型,并说明了这些结构如何在纺织材料中通过形变来产生拉胀效果;其次系统概述了负泊松比结构分别在一维、二维和三维纺织材料中的应用以及纺织品结构参数对负泊松比效果的影响;然后归纳整理了负泊松比结构纺织材料在不同领域的应用;最后针对负泊松比结构纺织材料在研究中面临的问题和发展方向进行总结与展望,为推动负泊松比结构纺织材料的进一步发展提供参考。Textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio structures have excellent shear resistance,energy absorption,and fracture resistance,and they are cost-effective compared to other materials with negative Poisson's ratio structures.Therefore,the auxetic textile materials have aroused the interest of many scholars.To further promote the research and application of textile materials with negative Poisson's ratio,this article systematically introduces the different auxetic principles of one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and three-dimensional auxetic textile materials and summarizes their existing problems.The research on auxetic yarns with a negative Poisson's ratio is based on the helical structure core-spun yarn,and the auxetic effect is achieved by the position exchange between components in the yarn.Its production equipment mainly includes ring spinning machines,weaving machines,hollow spindle,or simple wrapping mechanisms.Due to the influence of the helical structure,the end of the auxetic yarns is prone to untwisting and deformation,resulting in the loss of the auxetic effect.To solving this problem,it is necessary to develop more novel structures and preparation methods.There are two main ways for two-dimensional fabrics to produce auxetic effects:one is to weave fabrics with yarns with a negative Poisson's ratio;the other is to use ordinary yarns and choose appropriate yarn arrangement to weave two-dimensional fabrics with negative Poisson's ratio effect.As the yarn with a negative Poisson's ratio needs to be arranged straight in the fabric to produce a good auxetic effect,it is only applied in auxetic woven fabrics.In addition,knitted fabrics can achieve different negative Poisson's ratio structures through flexible yarn arrangement.The negative Poisson's ratio structures formed are mostly concave and rotating structures.Therefore,when designing and manufacturing two-dimensional fabrics with a negative Poisson's ratio,it is necessary to carefully consider and evaluate factors such as yarn properties and fabric

关 键 词：负泊松比结构 纺织材料 负泊松比结构材料 拉胀效应 结构形变 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]