基于磨料动能和浓度的后混合磨料水射流全局模拟研究  

Global simulation of post-mixed abrasive water jet based on abrasive kinetic energy and concentration

作　　者：李震[1] 李斌[1] 王广 乔志忠 孙恒阳 雷曌 LI Zhen;LI Bin;WANG Guang;QIAO Zhizhong;SUN Hengyang;LEI Zhao(College of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Hefei Cement Research and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]合肥水泥研究设计院有限公司,合肥230051

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第7期76-85,95,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：鄂尔多斯重点研发计划(YF2023302,2024RCTD006)。

摘　　要：通过光滑粒子流体动力学-离散元方法-有限元方法耦合算法建立了后混合磨料水射流混合加速到切削工件的全局模拟模型。该研究采用磨料动能和磨料浓度作为中介变量,分析了磨料水射流参数对切削深度、混砂管应力以及能量转换率的影响。试验设计涵盖了不同横移速度和磨料流量条件下的切削深度数据,以验证模型的可靠性。结果表明:混合流动过程可以划分为四个阶段;在稳定阶段,水流速度呈现特定的变化趋势,而磨料表现出两种加速规律,水和磨料颗粒从混砂管喷出时速度基本一致。混砂管应力主要集中在过渡段和出口处;在相同粒径条件下,切削深度和出口应力与磨料动能呈非线性正相关;在相同磨料注射角和磨料密度条件下,过渡段应力受磨料浓度和动能的复合影响。此外,研究还确定了使工件切削深度最大化的最优磨料流量、粒径和密度,并对其相关性进行了分析;同时发现,磨料注射角度为90°,混砂管收敛角为20°能够有效减少过渡段应力,同时保证磨料动能不受影响。研究结果为磨料水射流参数优化提供了一定理论支持。Here,a global simulation model for post-mixed abrasive water jet mixing acceleration to cutting workpiece was established using smoothed particle hydrodynamics-discrete element method-finite element method coupling coupled algorithm.Abrasive kinetic energy and abrasive concentration were taken as mediating variables to analyze effects of abrasive water jet parameters on cutting depth,sand mixing pipe stress and energy conversion rate.Experimental design covered cutting depth data under different lateral velocities and abrasive flow rates to verify the reliability of the model.The results showed that the mixed flow process can be divided into 4 stages;in stable stage,water flow velocity exhibits a specific change trend,while abrasive exhibits 2 acceleration laws,velocities of water and abrasive particles ejected from sand mixing tube are basically the same;sand mixing tube stress is mainly concentrated in transition stage and outlet;under the same particle size conditions,cutting depth and outlet stress are nonlinearly positively correlated with abrasive kinetic energy;under conditions of the same abrasive injection angles and abrasive densities,stress in transition stage is affected by the composite effect of abrasive concentration and kinetic energy.In addition,the study also determined the optimal abrasive flow rate,particle size and density to maximize cutting depth of workpiece,and analyzed their correlation.It was shown that abrasive injection angle of 90°and sand mixing tube convergence angle of 20°can effectively reduce stress in transition stage while ensuring abrasive kinetic energy being not affected;the study results provide a certain theoretical support for optimizing abrasive water jet parameters.

关 键 词：能量转化率 磨料动能 磨料浓度 混砂管应力 切削深度 

分 类 号：TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]