基于双炮孔轴向割缝爆破的试验研究  

Test study on reasonable values of dual-blast hole spacing in axial slot blasting

作　　者：靳俊晓 苏洪[4] 韩刚 岳文豪 李照军 JIN Junxiao;SU Hong;HAN Gang;YUE Wenhao;LI Zhaojun(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;China Coal Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal(Ordos)Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017010,China;College of Chemical Engineering and Blasting,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232001,China;China Coal Northwest Energy and Chemical Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京100083 [2]中煤能源研究院有限责任公司,西安710054 [3]中煤(鄂尔多斯市)能源科技有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [4]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [5]中煤西北能源化工集团有限公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第7期194-200,246,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52104074);江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2023A5)。

摘　　要：针对轴向割缝爆破中双炮孔间距合理取值的问题,在总结国内外割缝爆破破岩机理的基础上,开展了双炮孔间距为60、80、100、120、140、160 mm的有机玻璃室内对比爆破试验,采用数字激光焦散线方法,展现炮孔割缝爆破裂纹扩展及焦散斑演化过程,揭示了炮孔间距及割缝对岩体爆生裂纹扩展影响的规律。研究结果表明:随着双炮孔间距的增加,割缝爆破裂纹扩展长度、主裂纹扩展速度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而应力强度因子变化规律呈现先增大后减小再增大再减小的复杂振荡变化规律。双炮孔内侧割缝方向上裂纹呈现出相互“勾连”的现象,但勾连的现象随着炮孔间距的增长逐渐衰减,双炮孔内侧主裂纹的裂纹扩展速度在裂纹扩展初始均出现了速度提升的现象。在割缝条件下双炮孔间距为120~140 mm的试件定向断裂效果最优。研究结果可为厚硬关键层割缝爆破参数设计提供参考。Here,aiming at the problem of reasonable values for spacing between double blast holes in axial slot blasting,based on summarizing rock breaking mechanisms of slot blasting at home and abroad,polymethyl methacrylate indoor contrastive blasting tests were conducted with dual-blast hole spacing of 60,80,100,120,140 and 160 mm.The digital laser caustic line method was used to exhibit crack propagation and caustic spot evolution process of slot blasting,and reveal influence laws of blast hole spacing and slot on propagation of blasting-induced cracks in rock body.The study results showed that with increase in dual-blast hole spacing,crack propagation length and main crack propagation speed of slot blasting exhibit a trend of increase firstly and then decrease,while stress intensity factor changes in a complex oscillatory pattern of increase firstly and then decrease and then increase and then decrease again;cracks on inner side of dual-blast hole in slot direction exhibit phenomena of mutual“hooking”,but hooking phenomena gradually decrease with increase in dual-blast hole spacing;crack propagation speeds of main cracks on inner side of dual-blast hole all increase at beginning of crack propagation;specimens with dual-blast hole spacing of 120-140 mm under slot conditions have the optimal directional fracture effect;the study results can provide a reference for design of slot blasting parameters in thick and hard key strata.

关 键 词：炮孔间距 割缝 有机玻璃 裂纹扩展 应力强度因子 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]