加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of aerated drip irrigation and nitrogen application on physiological characteristics,yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in salt-stressed cotton

作　　者：王久久 牛文全 李田田[1,3] 王贺 李燕妮 杜娅丹 WANG Jiujiu;NIU Wenquan;LI Tiantian;WANG He;LI Yanni;DU Yadan(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第2期44-53,94,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900401)。

摘　　要：为探明加气滴灌与施氮耦合提高作物耐盐胁迫的机制,本研究采用桶栽随机试验,设置2个盐胁迫水平6.2(S1)、12.3(S2)dS·m^(-1)和5个施氮(尿素)水平0(N0)、100(N1)、200(N2)、300(N3)、400(N4)kg·hm^(-2),以非盐渍化土壤、不加气及常规施氮量(300 kg·hm^(-2))为对照(CK),分析加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生长生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果初步表明:盐胁迫显著降低棉花的光合作用,抑制棉花生长。随着施氮量的增加,S1处理的净光合速率(P n)和干物质量显著提高了32.52%~53.30%和178.07%~264.37%,S2处理的P n降低了13.27%~47.29%,干物质量提高了49.79%~178.72%。S2较S1处理根和茎中氮含量提高了4.78%~55.41%和17.65%~37.36%,而叶和铃中分别降低了9.21%~32.86%和7.39%~41.87%。加气滴灌下根据土壤盐分状况适量施氮,可以减轻盐胁迫造成棉花产量的下降。中盐胁迫(6.2 dS·m^(-1))下,加气滴灌氮肥施用量为200 kg·hm^(-2)时籽棉产量最高(2359.92 kg·hm^(-2))。高盐胁迫(S2)处理棉花产量显著降低,且各施氮处理间无显著差异,加气滴灌结合低施氮量(100 kg·hm^(-2))可使产量最大化。To investigate the mechanism by which aerated drip irrigation coupled with nitrogen application improves crop tolerance to salt stress,this study employed a randomized bucket trial.The experiment included two salt stress levels,6.2 dS·m^(-1)(S1)and 12.3 dS·m^(-1)(S2),along with five nitrogen(urea)application rates:0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0),100 kg·hm^(-2)(N1),200 kg·hm-2(N2),300 kg·hm^(-2)(N3),and 400 kg·hm^(-2)(N4).Non-salted soil,non-aerated irrigation,and conventional nitrogen application(300 kg·hm^(-2))served as the control(CK).The study analyzed the effects of aerated drip irrigation and nitrogen application on the physiological growth characteristics,yield,and nitrogen uptake and utilization in salt-stressed cotton.Preliminary results indicated that salt stress significantly reduced photosynthesis and inhibited cotton growth.However,increasing nitrogen application significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate(P n)and dry matter mass by 32.52% to 53.30% and 178.07%to 264.37%,respectively,under the S1 treatment.In contrast,under the S2 treatment,P n decreased by 13.27%to 47.29%,while dry matter mass increased by 49.79%to 178.72%.The nitrogen content in the roots and stems of the S2 treatment increased by 4.78%to 55.41%and 17.65%to 37.36%,respectively,compared to the S1 treatment,while the nitrogen content in the leaves and bells decreased by 9.21%to 32.86% and 7.39%to 41.87%,respectively.Moderate application of nitrogen under aerated drip irrigation,tailored to soil salinity conditions,could help mitigate the reduction in cotton yield caused by salt stress.Under medium salt stress(6.2 dS·m^(-1)),the highest seed cotton yield was achieved when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of aerated drip irrigation was 200 kg·hm^(-2).High salt stress(S2)treatment significantly reduced cotton yield,with no significant difference observed between the nitrogen treatments.Aerated drip irrigation with a low nitrogen application rate(100 kg·hm^(-2))was applied to maximize yield.

关 键 词：棉花 加气滴灌 盐胁迫 施氮 生长 氮肥利用 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S365[生物学—植物学] Q945.78