水氮耦合对间作大豆根系生长、产量及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on root growth,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of intercropped soybean

作　　者：陈茜 郑彩霞 闫敏 余文俊 周德生 万翰煜 张志亮 CHEN Xi;ZHENG Caixia;YAN Min;YU Wenjun;ZHOU Deshen;WAN Hanyu;ZHANG Zhiliang(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan 625000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第2期160-172,共13页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YFH0207);四川省重点实验室开放基金(SZKF2208)。

摘　　要：为了明确玉米‖大豆下不同水氮耦合对大豆根系生长、产量及水氮利用效率的影响,以‘南豆12’为研究对象开展大田定位试验,设置施氮和灌水2个因素,包括3个灌水水平(W1:正常灌水,灌水上限为85%FC;W2:中量灌水即85%W1;W3:低量灌水即70%W1;FC为田间最大持水量)和3个施氮水平(N1:正常施氮66 kg·hm^(-2);N2:中量施氮即85%N1;N3:低量施氮即70%N1),共9个处理。分析了玉米‖大豆下施氮、灌水及其耦合处理对大豆根系生长、产量、水氮利用效率以及干物质累积和分配的影响,利用偏最小二乘回归分析方法及熵值法对各个处理下的指标分析处理,最后进行综合评估。结果表明:N2W2处理大豆根系性状表现最优,根长、根表面积、根体积比N1W1处理分别提高了116.74%、102.32%、90.15%;水氮处理与大豆根系形态及根瘤质量存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),且施氮对大豆根系形态及产量的影响高于灌水;N2处理籽粒产量最大,分别比N1、N3提高5.53%~227.64%、6.80%~24.63%。N2W2处理可以获得大豆高产,达到3.34 t·hm^(-2),而N1W1处理大豆产量和水氮利用效率最低,分别为产量2.46 t·hm^(-2)、水分利用效率0.49 kg·m^(-3)、氮肥偏生产力37.23 kg·kg^(-1)。大豆产量和水分利用效率均与结荚期大豆比表面积、比根长、根表面积、根体积和根长呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);氮肥偏生产力仅与结荚期大豆根体积、根表面积呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);根表面积对籽粒产量、水氮利用效率影响最大。熵值法综合评价表明间作下N2W1水氮处理方案在大豆的产量、根系生长和水氮利用效率方面综合得分0.253,为综合最佳的水氮方案。To investigate the effects of varying water-nitrogen coupling on soybean root growth,yield,and water-nitrogen use efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping,a field experiment utilizing the soybean variety‘Nandou 12’as the subject of research was conducted.The experiment was designed with two factors:irrigation and nitrogen application.Three irrigation levels of W1:normal irrigation,the irrigation upper limit at 85%of FC;W2:moderate irrigation at 85%of W1;W3:low irrigation at 70%of W1,FC is the maximum water holding capacity of the field,and three levels of nitrogen application of N1:normal nitrogen application at 66 kg·hm 2;N2:moderate nitrogen application at 85%of N1;N3:low nitrogen application at 70%of N1 were applied resulting in nine treatment combinations.The study analyzed the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on soybean root growth,yield,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and water-nitrogen use efficiency.Partial Least Squares regression(PLS)and the entropy method were employed to evaluate the effects comprehensively across the treatments.Results indicated that the N2W2 treatment produced the most favorable soybean root traits,with root length,root surface area,and root volume increasing by 116.74%,102.32%,and 90.15%,respectively,compared to the N1W1 treatment.Notably,significant interaction effects(P<0.05)were observed between water-nitrogen treatments on soybean root morphology and nodule mass,revealing that nitrogen application had a more pronounced effect on soybean root morphology and yield than irrigation.The N2 treatment achieved the highest grain yield,increasing by 5.53%~227.64%and 6.80%~24.63%compared to the N1 and N3 treatments,respectively.The N2W2 treatment yielded the highest grain output aT_(3).34 t·hm^(-2),while the N1W1 treatment recorded the lowest yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency,with a yield of 2.46 t·hm^(-2),water use efficiency of 0.49 kg·m^(-3) and nitrogen bias productivity of 37.23 kg·kg^(-1).Correlation analysis demonstrated that soybean yield and water

关 键 词：玉米大豆间作 水氮耦合 大豆根系生长 大豆产量 水氮利用效率 熵值法 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S365S344.2