初次分配中的合理劳动报酬份额:议价能力和数字技术视角  

Fair Share of Labor Remuneration in Initial Distributions:Based on Bargaining Power and Digital Economy

作　　者：李静[1] 谢喆 LI Jing;XIE Zhe

机构地区：[1]安徽大学经济学院

出　　处：《消费经济》2025年第1期67-81,共15页Consumer Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“以共同富裕为导向增进劳动力要素市场化配置效率”(23BJL008)。

摘　　要：合理分配劳动者在初次分配中的报酬比重是走向内需循环经济的关键。从存量上看,劳资双方相对议价能力的大小决定着总剩余福利的分配;从增量上看,资本边际产出与劳动边际产出的增长率之差是收入差距不断扩大的直接原因。文章基于2008—2021年上市公司面板数据,借助双边随机前沿模型来测算劳资双方相对议价能力,发现资方长期处于一个稳定的优势地位,并分析了工会和管理层结构对相对议价能力形成的作用。进一步研究发现,数字技术是一种劳动偏向型技术进步,其与劳方相对议价能力之间存在正向交互效应,扩大了彼此对最终报酬份额的影响程度。异质性分析表明,数字技术在第三产业、劳动密集型、员工高素质、私有产权性质企业对劳动报酬份额具有更明显的推动作用。本文的发现为准确评估相对议价能力和提高劳动报酬份额提供了新的参考视角。Equitable allocation of workers'compensation in initial distributions is crucial for transitioning towards a domestic demand-driven economy.Looking at the existing stock,the relative bargaining power of labor and capital determines the distribution of total surplus welfare.From the perspective of incremental growth,the difference in growth rates between capital's marginal output and labor's marginal output is a direct cause of the widening income gap.This paper primarily utilizes panel data from publicly listed companies between 2008 and 2021,employing a bilateral random frontier model to assess the relative bargaining powers of labor and capital.It reveals that capital has maintained a stable advantageous position over time and analyzes the roles of unions and management structures in shaping these bargaining powers.Further research indicates that digital technology indeed represents a labor-biased technological advancement,exhibiting a positive interactive effect with labor's relative bargaining power,thereby amplifying their influence on the final share of compensation.Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital technique has a more pronounced impact on the labor compensation share in the tertiary sector,labor-intensive industries,companies with highly skilled employees,and privately owned enterprises.The findings of this paper offer new insights into accurately assessing relative bargaining power and how to enhance the labor compensation share.

关 键 词：劳动收入份额 相对议价能力 合理劳动报酬 数字经济 初次分配 

分 类 号：C971[经济管理—劳动经济]