中国城镇家庭消费相对贫困:1995—2018年  

Consumption Relative Poverty in China’s Urban Households:1995—2018

作　　者：陈燕凤 唐琦 夏庆杰[3] CHEN Yan-feng;TANG Qi;XIA Qing-jie

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学经济与管理学院 [2]北京大学医学人文学院 [3]北京大学经济学院

出　　处：《消费经济》2025年第1期99-113,共15页Consumer Economics

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“共同富裕目标下农村相对贫困测度与治理研究”(2022MS022)。

摘　　要：扩大内需是加快构建新发展格局的必然选择,是促进我国长远发展的战略决策。文章基于1995—2018年CHIP城镇数据,以消费为切入点,探讨了中国城镇家庭相对贫困的现状及主要影响因素,为理解城镇相对贫困提供了新的研究视角。研究发现:在不同贫困临界值标准下,总体消费、生存发展消费以及基础消费衡量的相对贫困比例均呈现倒U型的变化态势,特别是脱贫攻坚战打响后,相对贫困比例下降迅速;因素分解表明,城镇人口持续增加是相对贫困人口规模增长的主要因素;实证研究显示,家庭收入提高、户主受教育水平提升都能降低消费贫困,在校生比例增加、家有未婚男青年和患病成员,则使得陷入基础消费相对贫困的概率增加。建议政策制定者应重视提高家庭人均收入,优化教育资源的配置,改善公共医疗服务,以预防和减少因消费不足而造成的致贫风险,不断提升城镇低收入家庭的生活质量。Expanding domestic demand is an inevitable choice for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and a strategic decision for promoting China's long-term development.Based on the CHIP urban data from 1995 to 2018,this study takes consumption as the entry point to deeply explore the current situation and main influencing factors of the relative poverty of Chinese urban households,which provides a new research perspective for understanding the relative poverty in urban areas.The study finds that,under different poverty threshold standards,the relative poverty rate as measured by overall consumption,subsistence development consumption and basic consumption show an inverted U-shaped pattern of change,and the proportion of relative poverty has declined rapidly,especially during the fight against poverty.Factor decomposition indicates that the continuous growth in urban population is the main factor contributing to the increase in the size of the relatively poor population.The empirical research shows that an increase in household income and an improvement in the education level of the household head can both reduce consumption poverty,while an increase in the proportion of school-aged children,the presence of unmarried male youth in the household,and the presence of sick household members increase the probability of falling into basic consumption-related poverty.It is recommended that policy makers should pay attention to raising per capita household income,optimizing the allocation of educational resources and improving public medical services to prevent and reduce the risk of poverty caused by insufficient consumption and to continuously improve the quality of life for low-income urban families.

关 键 词：共同富裕 城镇家庭消费 相对贫困 总体消费 生存发展消费 基础消费 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学]