论理想与最高理想——基于精神哲学的反思  

On Ideals and Highest Ideals:Reflections Based on Spiritual Philosophy

作　　者：江畅 JIANG Chang(Center for Political Philosophy of Faculty of Political Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China;Institute of Advanced Humanities,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治学部政治哲学中心,武汉430079 [2]湖北大学高等人文研究院,武汉430062

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期11-22,共12页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化的文化传统、历史经验和世界意义研究”(24&ZD023)。

摘　　要：从精神哲学看,理想是指人们出于谋求生存得更好的人类本性要求,根据社会现实或个人现状为社会或个人构想的、可转化为志向的、对人具有激励作用的美好图景。理想有可能转变为志向、信念从而现实化,同时也只有转变为志向、信念才能现实化。理想从主体的角度可划分为群体理想和个体(个人)理想,从内容的角度可划分为社会理想、人生理想或人格理想以及宗教理想,从层次的角度可划分为最高理想、基本理想和具体理想,从时限的角度可以划分为长远理想、阶段理想和近期理想。在各种不同类型的理想中,最高理想是最高层次的理想,与通常说的“远大理想”大致同义。最高理想在精神体系中具有最重要的地位,主导观念为其提供基础和支撑,而至要信念则为其实现提供保障。From the perspective of spiritual philosophy,ideal refers to the beautiful vision that people envision for society or individuals based on social reality or personal status,which can be transformed into aspirations and has a motivating effect on people,in accordance with the human nature requirement of seeking better survival.Ideals can be transformed into aspirations and beliefs,and only by transforming into aspirations and beliefs can they be realized.Ideals can be divided into group ideals and individual(personal)ideals from the perspective of the subject;social ideals,life ideals,personality ideals,and religious ideals from the perspective of content;highest ideals,basic ideals,and specific ideals from the perspective of hierarchy;long-term ideals,stage ideals,and short-term ideals from the perspective of time limit.Among various types of ideals,the highest ideal is the highest level of ideal,roughly synonymous with the commonly referred to“long-term ideal”.The highest ideal holds the most important position in the spiritual system,with dominant beliefs providing the foundation and support,and essential beliefs providing the guarantee for its realization.

关 键 词：理想 最高理想 志向 信念 “三观” 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B821