服务类社会救助的实施成效与策略优化研究——以上海市“桥计划”项目为例  

Evaluating Effectiveness and Optimizing Strategies:A Case Study of Shanghai’s"Bridge Program"in Service-Oriented Social Assistance

作　　者：牛鹏皓 曹艳春[1] Niu Penghao;Cao Yanchun(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《长沙民政职业技术学院学报》2025年第1期18-25,共8页Journal of Changsha Social Work College

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“基于多维数字素养指数的老年人数字技能评估与分级培育研究”(23BGL260);上海市民政科研中心项目“上海市服务类社会救助实施情况调查”(202402)。

摘　　要：我国社会救助体系正经历从生存型保障向发展型支持的范式转型,为困难群众提供更加精准、更有温度的服务类救助已成为当前社会救助工作的核心任务。文章选取上海市“桥计划”这一服务类社会救助典型案例,通过对39户受助家庭的深度访谈,采用NVivo14软件进行质性分析,透视服务类社会救助运行过程中的实施成效与优化路径。研究发现,“桥计划”通过构建“物质-服务-精神”的三维救助体系,在提高受助家庭主观幸福感、促进社会参与、改善学业表现等方面成效显著,但也存在救助成效双重性、沟通联结弱化、就业帮扶效果不佳及政策认知符号化等实施瓶颈。基于此,文章提出了构建闭环监督体系、创新能力建设机制及打造参与式政策传播模式的对策建议,为促进服务类社会救助可持续发展提供了实证依据,对健全分层分类社会救助体系具有政策参考价值。China's social assistance system is undergoing a paradigm shift from subsistence-oriented security to developmental support,with the provision of more targeted and compassionate service-based assistance for vulnerable populations emerging as the core mission of contemporary social welfare practice.This study examines the"Qiao Program"(Bridge Program),a representative service-oriented social assistance initiative in Shanghai,through in-depth interviews with 39 assisted families and qualitative analysis using NVivo 14 software,aiming to reveal the implementation effectiveness and optimization pathways in service-based social assistance operations.The findings indicate that while the"Qiao Program"has established a three-dimensional"material-service-psychosocial support"assistance system that significantly enhances subjective well-being,promotes social participation,and improves academic performance among assisted families,it concurrently faces implementation bottlenecks including dualistic assistance outcomes,weakened linkage in communication mechanisms,suboptimal employment support effectiveness,and symbolic policy cognition.Accordingly,the study proposes countermeasures such as constructing a closed-loop supervision system,innovating capacity-building mechanisms,and establishing participatory policy communication models.These recommendations provide empirical evidence for promoting sustainable development of service-based social assistance and offer valuable policy insights for improving China's categorized and tiered social assistance system.

关 键 词：社会救助 服务类社会救助 桥计划 质性分析 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]