1952~2023年湖南省冰冻天气发生规律分析  

Analysis of regularity of glaze weather from 1952 to 2023 in Hunan Province

作　　者：段丽洁 刘臻婧[1,2] 毛紫怡 汤亦豪 蒋元华 吴浩 DUAN Lijie;LIU Zhenjing;MAO Ziyi;TANG Yihao;JIANG Yuanhua;WU Hao(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Hunan Province,Changsha 410118,China;Climate Center of Hunan Province,Changsha 410118,China)

机构地区：[1]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [2]湖南省气候中心,湖南长沙410118

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2025年第4期5-10,共6页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

基　　金：湖南省第一次全国气象灾害综合风险普查项目。

摘　　要：为全面提高湖南省防灾减灾能力,有效应对极端天气事件,基于湖南省96个国家地面气象观测站建站至2023年逐日气象观测数据,分析了湖南省冰冻天气时空分布特征及发生时的气象条件,并从冰冻日数、冰冻初日、冰冻终日、冰冻过程数、最长冰冻持续时间等方面统计了冰冻天气发生规律。结果表明:湖南省冰冻天气主要发生在12月、1月、2月,这3个月累计冰冻日数占全年冰冻日数的98.3%,年平均冰冻日数1.73 d,最长冰冻持续时间28 d;冰冻初日在11月中旬至翌年2月中旬均可能出现,其中12月下旬出现频次最多;冰冻终日在11月下旬至翌年4月上旬均可能出现,其中2月中旬出现频次最多。湖南年冰冻日数整体呈现南多北少、东多西少的分布态势,存在两条高值带。湖南冰冻天气发生时降水量较小,湿度较大,风速较小,日最低气温小于1.0℃。湖南年冰冻日数呈显著减少趋势,冰冻终日呈提前趋势,冰冻初日、冰冻过程数、最长冰冻持续时间无显著变化趋势。In order to comprehensively improve the disaster prevention and reduction ability of Hunan Province and effectively cope with extreme weather events,the meteorological conditions,the number of glaze days,the first glaze day,the last glaze day,the number of glaze processes and the longest glaze duration were analyzed based on the daily meteorological observation data of 96 national ground meteorological observation stations in Hunan Province from the establishment of the station to 2023.The results showed that glaze days mainly occurred in December,January and February,accounting for 98.3% of the whole year in Hunan Province.The average annual glaze days was 1.73 days,and the longest glaze duration was 28 days.First glaze day may occur from mid-November to mid-February,with the most frequent occurrence in late December.Last glaze day may occur from late November to early April,with the most frequent occurrence in mid-February.The annual average glaze days were more in the north than in the south,more in the east than in the west,with two high value bands.When glaze occured,the precipitation was small,the humidity was large,the wind speed was small,and the daily minimum temperature was less than 1.0℃.The number of glaze days showed a significant decreasing trend,and the last glaze day advanced.The first glaze day,the number of glaze processes and the longest glaze duration had no significant change trend.

关 键 词：冰冻天气 冰冻日数 冰冻初日 冰冻终日 气象条件 防灾减灾 湖南省 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]