基于SWAT模型的沱江流域不同形态磷污染负荷时空分布  

Temporal-spatial distribution of different phosphorus forms of pollution load based on SWAT model

作　　者：康瑾 王琪 李龙媛 王永桂 蔡俊雄 KANG Jin;WANG Qi;LI Longyuan;WANG Yonggui;CAI Junxiong(Hubei Environmental Science Research Academy(Provincial Ecological Environment Engineering Assessment Center),Wuhan 430072,China;School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境科学研究院(省生态环境工程评估中心),湖北武汉430072 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2025年第4期98-106,113,共10页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

基　　金：水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HESS-2311)。

摘　　要：为了解沱江流域磷污染的时空分布规律,以沱江流域为研究对象,构建了可模拟不同形态磷在陆地迁移过程的SWAT模型,并对陆源排放磷的入河污染负荷时空分布特征进行了解析。结果表明:①2018年,沱江流域陆源磷入河量为1.3433万t,非点源贡献占比97%,入河颗粒态磷占比61%;②磷的逐月入河量随降雨量的增加而增大,8~11月主要以溶解态形式入河,其他月份主要以颗粒态形式入河;③流域内磷元素的主要输入地带集中于上游的德阳市与成都市,尤其在流量最低的月份,点源污染对该区域的影响远超其他地方,而在流量最大的月份,磷的输入量在中下游地区展现出较为均匀的分布趋势,并且沿河网络一线的输入量较大;④同时,地表土壤对于来自陆地的磷排放显示出较强的拦截效果,土壤中释放的磷对于河流中磷含量的影响相对较小。In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution of phosphorus pollution in Tuojiang River basin,taking Tuojiang River Basin as the research object,the SWAT model was constructed to simulate the migration process of different forms of phosphorus on land,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the pollution load of phosphorus discharged from land source into the river were analyzed.The results showed that the SWAT model had a good simulation effect.In 2018,13433 tons of terrigenous phosphorus entered the Tuojiang River Basin,with non-point source contribution accounting for 97% and granular phosphorus entering the river accounting for 61%.The monthly amount of phosphorus into the river increased with the increase of rainfall,mainly in the form of dissolved phosphorus in August to November,and mainly in the form of particles in other months.The main input areas of phosphorus elements in the river basin were concentrated in the upper reaches of Deyang City and Chengdu City,especially in the months with the lowest discharge,the impact of point source pollution on this area was far greater than other places.In the month of maximum discharge,the phosphorus input showed a more uniform distribution trend in the middle and lower reaches,and the input quantity was larger along the river network line.At the same time,the surface soil showed a strong interception effect on the phosphorus emission from the land,and the phosphorus released from the soil had a relatively small impact on the phosphorus content in the river.

关 键 词：磷污染负荷 SWAT模型 时空分布 沱江流域 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]