国槐功能性状沿降水梯度带的变异规律  

Variation in Functional Traits of Sophora japonica across a Precipitation Gradient

作　　者：许可儿 汤璐瑶 张博纳 叶琳峰 王忠媛 谢江波 Xu Ke’er;Tang Luyao;Zhang Bona;Ye Linfeng;Wang Zhongyuan;Xie Jiangbo(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300;Yixing Forestry Guidance Station Yixing 214206)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]宜兴市林业指导站,宜兴214206

出　　处：《林业科学》2025年第4期81-91,共11页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371662,42330503,31901280);浙江省科技厅重大科技专项基金项目(2022C02019)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析国槐功能性状沿降水梯度带的变异及气候因子对功能性状变异的影响,以揭示其生境适应策略。【方法】沿我国东南湿润区至西北干旱区的降水梯度带选取10个研究点,以共有种国槐为对象,测定其功能性状,包括叶功能性状(气孔大小、气孔密度、叶脉密度、胡伯尔值、比叶质量、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比)和枝功能性状(导管直径、导管密度、导管壁厚、厚度跨度比、木质部密度)。量化气候因子(生长季均温、生长季日照时间、年均降水量)对国槐功能性状变异的影响,揭示性状间耦合关系,阐明国槐的生境适应策略。【结果】国槐功能性状中变异系数较大的3个性状为栅栏组织厚度(37.26%)、栅海比(32.51%)和导管密度(27.53%),变异系数较小的3个性状为导管直径(12.07%)、木质部密度(13.32%)和叶脉密度(14.75%);年均降水量与国槐枝功能性状变异的相关性显著(P<0.05),生长季均温和生长季日照时间与国槐功能性状变异的相关性不显著;国槐比叶质量与叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度显著正相关(P<0.05),导管直径与导管密度极显著负相关(P<0.01)。【结论】性状变异和性状间耦合反映国槐的生境适应策略,叶功能性状的总体变异性大于枝功能性状。气候因子中年均降水量对国槐功能性状变异的影响最大,主要影响枝功能性状变异。与湿润区相比,半干旱/干旱区国槐通过增加叶片厚度提高叶片储水能力,同时通过增大导管直径提高输水效率,实现其短期内的水分利用。国槐通过叶和枝功能性状间的协作,使其在半干旱/干旱区可高效利用降水脉冲,实现快速生长。【Objective】This study investigates the variation in functional traits of Sophora japonica across a precipitation gradient and the climatic drivers underlying this variation,aiming to elucidate its habitat adaptation strategies.【Method】Ten study sites were selected along the precipitation gradient from the humid zone in southeastern China to the arid zone in northwestern China,and a conspecific populations of S.japonica was used to measure functional traits,including leaf functional traits(stomatal size,stomatal density,vein density,huber value,specific leaf mass,leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,palisade to spongy tissue ratio)and branch functional traits(vessel diameter,vessel density,vessel wall thicknesses,thickness span ratio,wood density).Quantify relationships between climatic factors(mean growing-season temperature,sunshine duration,and mean annual precipitation)and functional trait variation in S.japonica,reveal coupling patterns among traits,and elucidate its habitat adaptation strategies.【Result】Among the functional traits of S.japonica,the three traits with the higher coefficients of variation were palisade tissue thickness(37.26%),palisade to spongy tissue ratio(32.51%),and vessel density(27.53%),while the three traits with the lower coefficients of variation were vessel diameter(12.07%),wood density(13.32%),and vein density(14.75%).Mean annual precipitation exhibited significant correlations with functional trait variation in S.japonica branches(P<0.05),whereas no significant associations were detected between either mean growing-season temperature or sunshine duration and these trait variations.Specific leaf mass of S.japonica showed a significantly positive correlation with both leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness(P<0.05),while vessel diameter exhibited a highly and significant negative correlation with vessel density(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Trait variation and inter-trait coupling reflect the habitat adaptation strategies of S.japonica:the overal

关 键 词：气候变化 适应策略 性状变异 植物功能性状 国槐 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]