激光增材制造能耗与碳排放研究进展  

Research Progress of Laser Additive Manufacturing Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission

作　　者：毛华恺 高森奥 张国栋[1] 杨兵[1] MAO Huakai;GAO Sen'ao;ZHANG Guodong;YANG Bing(School of Power and Mechanical Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学动力与机械学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期1-18,共18页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52371073)。

摘　　要：激光增材制造是一类先进的增材制造技术,具有加工自由、工序简单、成本低等诸多优势。目前,激光增材制造技术受到学者们的青睐,已广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、生物医学等领域。随着全球制造业的发展,能源消耗日益增加,大量温室气体的排放,使得环境问题愈发严重。介绍了激光增材制造的主要类型和工艺特点,基于激光金属沉积和激光粉末床熔融2类技术分支,分析了该技术的先进性和发展潜力。总结了激光增材制造能耗建模的主要方法,基于生产系统和能量类型,综述了能耗建模与工艺参数优化的研究进展。对比了现有工业碳排放的测算与建模方式,指出生命周期法在增材制造碳排放研究中的优势,重点分析了运用该方法建立激光增材制造碳排放模型的基本步骤。从模型准确性和工艺参数优化效果等方面出发,介绍了激光增材制造及相关碳排放技术的研究案例。在此基础上,归纳了目前激光增材制造及相关能耗与碳排放研究内容,展望了未来的发展方向,以期为激光增材制造的节能、低碳、绿色生产提供参考。Laser Additive Manufacturing(LAM)has been widely used in aerospace,transportation,biomedical and other fields owing to its advantages of processing freedom,simple process and low cost.With the development of the global manufacturing industry,greenhouse gases generated by large amount of energy consumption make the environmental problems more and more serious.Therefore,it is necessary to study the energy consumption and carbon emission problems in the manufacturing industry.The advancement and development potentials of LAM within the manufacturing industry are introduced,and the progress of research on energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM and related technologies is discussed.Starting from the types of LAM technologies,their respective technical characteristics are described.Based on the two types of LAM technology branches,the research results and development potentials of LAM technologies in each field are discussed,and the necessity of research on energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM technologies is pointed out.By analyzing the research cases of energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM technologies,the existing research results and progress are summarized,the shortcomings are clarified,and the future development direction is pointed out.LAM mainly includes Laser Metal Deposition(LMD)and Laser Powder Bed Fusion(LPBF).Their respective advantages make LAM advanced in many aspects such as processing link,free customization,and processing range.In addition,it has a great potential for development owing to the good performance of the finished product and the high processing efficiency.Thus,it is highly prospective and necessary to study the energy consumption and carbon emission of LAM.The energy consumption modeling of LAM can mainly be based on the production system or energy type.Based on the production system,Chinese scholars have established an energy consumption model with accuracy of up to 98.63%.German and American scholars have established an energy consumption model of selective laser

关 键 词：激光增材制造 能耗 碳排放 建模 生命周期法 

分 类 号：TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理] TK018[金属学及工艺—金属学]