增材制造金属零件超快激光抛光技术研究进展  

Advances in the Research of Ultrafast Laser Polishing Technologies for Additive Manufacturing Metal Parts

作　　者：王志 董世运[1] 闫世兴 刘晓亭 李立伟 夏丹 WANG Zhi;DONG Shiyun;YAN Shixing;LIU Xiaoting;LI Liwei;XIA Dan(National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Jiangsu Normal University,Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072 [2]江苏师范大学物理与电子工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期19-33,共15页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4606601)。

摘　　要：增材制造(AM)具有加工步骤简单、可原位制造、可定制零件等突出特点,在航空航天、生物医疗、汽车制造等领域获得了广泛认可。但是增材制造的金属零件表面粗糙度较高、成形尺寸精度较差,需要进行表面抛光才能使用,这限制了该技术优势的发挥。如何突破这一技术瓶颈成为当前的研究热点,原位抛光是其中一个分支。基于此,综述了超快激光抛光增材制造金属零件的新进展。概述了金属增材制造的主要工艺、零件表面的主要缺陷以及主要的抛光技术,总结归纳了传统激光抛光的不足和超快激光抛光的加工优势;重点综述了金属的超快激光抛光发展、超快激光抛光机制、金属AM零件的超快激光抛光发展现状、设备集成发展等方面的内容;最后指出了超快激光抛光增材制造零件及其设备的发展方向,对该技术将得到广泛应用的前景进行了展望。本文填补了在增材制造金属零件表面超快激光抛光方面的综述空白。Recently,advancements in artificial intelligence have brought new opportunities to additive manufacturing(also known as 3D printing),especially in digital model construction,process path optimization,and human-machine interaction.This technology offers several advantages,such as fabricating complex structures that are unattainable with traditional manufacturing methods,personalized customization,shortening development cycles,simplifying processes,enabling in-situ manufacturing,and reducing material waste.Therefore,it engenders the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.Components produced by metal additive manufacturing have been widely applied in fields such as aerospace,biomedicine and automotive industry.However,these surfaces have a high roughness,which affects their function,including appearance,assembly,and service performance.As a result,it is necessary to polish the surface to reduce constraints on the widespread application of the technology.In order to overcome this obstacle,the research focuses on enhancing the accuracy of additive manufacturing and reducing its roughness,as well as implementing in-situ polishing post-fabrication.Ultrafast laser polishing technology can effectively improve surface quality,which broadens the industrial application scope of additive manufacturing technology.Ultrafast laser polishing technology retains its traditional advantages,which include characteristics such as flexibility,non-contact processing,intelligence,in-situ processing,and environmental friendliness.It can achieve high precision and cold processing and is capable of handling almost all known materials.Currently,widely adopted methods such as abrasive flow and electrochemistry have their own advantages,but they cannot be compared with ultrafast laser polishing technology in terms of in-situ processing and integration with laser additive manufacturing equipment.Traditional laser polishing methods,primarily based on hot working,long pulse and continuous laser polishing may lead to remelted su

关 键 词：增材制造 表面后处理 激光技术 超快激光 激光抛光 

分 类 号：V261.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]