旋耕刀表面铁基涂层摩擦磨损性能研究  

Friction and Wear Properties of Iron-based Coating on Surface of Rotary Blade

作　　者：夏进启 闫龙 詹华[2,3] 汪瑞军 李善军[1] 黄永俊 孟亮[1] 马文昊[1] 李宇佳[4] 万强 XIA Jinqi;YAN Long;ZHAN Hua;WANG Ruijun;LI Shanjun;HUANG Yongjun;MENG Liang;MA Wenhao;LI Yujia;WAN Qiang(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Ningbo Intelligent Machine Tool Research Institute Co.,Ltd.of China National Machinery Institute Group,Zhejiang Ningbo 315700,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083 [3]农业装备技术全国重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司,浙江宁波315700

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期86-97,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：中国机械工业集团有限公司青年科技基金(QNJJ-ZD-2022-19);华中农业大学优秀人才培育项目(2662020GXPY002);毛明院士青年科学家开放基金(XS-JSFW-QNKXJ-202404-007);中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司重点项目(2023S031)。

摘　　要：目的研究5种不同成分铁基耐磨涂层(记为1^(#)—5^(#))的摩擦磨损性能,优选涂层,提高旋耕刀的耐磨性能。方法采用等离子堆焊技术在65Mn基体表面沉积5种铁基耐磨涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、UltimaⅣ型X射线衍射仪(XRD)、HV-1000B型维氏硬度计、纳米压痕仪和RTEC M500摩擦磨损试验平台分析涂层的表面形貌、组织、显微硬度、力学性能和摩擦因数,并优选涂层,采用MLS-225橡胶轮湿砂磨粒磨损试验机、超景深三维显微镜和田间磨损试验对优选涂层的耐磨性能进行测试,并结合磨损形貌及组织结构分析耐磨内因。结果涂层主要由马氏体(基体),以及M7C3、Cr7C3、VC等硬质碳化物组成,其中,碳化物共晶强化涂层(质量分数,C 2%,Si 0.9%,Mn 0.7%,Cr 5%,V 6%,Mo 0.74%,Ni 0.4%,Fe 84.26%)的硬度(1157.12HV)最高,摩擦因数(0.49)最低,抵抗变形能力(E=239.5 GPa)良好。细小碳化物弥散强化涂层(质量分数,C 0.18%,Si 1.05%,Mn 0.21%,Cr 16.55%,Ni 2.12%,Al 0.042%,Fe 79.85%)的硬度为904.72HV,且弹性恢复能力(W_(e)=37.0%)最好,对应的摩擦因数为0.52。在磨粒磨损试验中,碳化物共晶强化涂层和细小碳化物弥散强化涂层的磨损平均值与65Mn试样相比分别减少了93.9%、86.9%。进一步的田间磨损试验结果表明,在砂石地工况下,碳化物共晶强化涂层和细小碳化物弥散强化涂层旋耕刀的磨损量分别减少了51.7%、43.6%;在稻茬地工况下,涂层旋耕刀的磨损量分别减少了64.1%、47.6%。结论细小碳化物弥散强化使得5^(#)涂层的组织为高密度硬质碳化物,具有较高的硬度,能有效抵抗磨损,磨损主要表现为划痕和犁沟;4^(#)共晶结构强化涂层组织形成了抗磨骨架,其抗磨损性能更好,但在冲击作用下会出现剥落现象,留下了表面凹坑。The rotary blades are worn by sand and soil during operation,which seriously affects the farming effect and the life of blades.Surface wear-resistant coating is one of the effective means to improve the wear-resistant performance of the rotary blades.Based on the wear resistance test,optimizing the wear resistant coating is the key to its application.This article studied the wear resistance of five kinds of iron-based coatings(marked as 1^(#)-5^(#)),and optimized the best wear resistance coating for abrasive wear experiments and field wear tests.Plasma surfacing was used to prepare coatings with five different compositions on the polished 65Mn surface.The samples were cut into 57 mm×25.5 mm×6 mm rectangles,their surfaces were polished and cleaned with ultrasonic cleaning instrument.The surface morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by UltimaⅣtype X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).HV-1000B Vickers hardness tester and nanoindentation tester were employed to analyze the hardness and mechanical properties of the coatings.RTEC M500 friction and wear test platform was used to test the friction coefficient curve of the coatings under the conditions with concentrated force load of 15 N,wear stroke of 7 mm,reciprocating frequency of 5 Hz and sliding dry friction.According to the above experimental results,the coatings were optimized with good comprehensive performance to test its wear resistance by abrasive wear experiment.Abrasive wear tests were carried out by the MLS-225 rubber wheel wet sand wear testing machine,and the wear morphology of the samples was observed by ultra-depth of field three-dimensional microscopy.Field wear experiments were carried out in a sand and gravel field and a rice stubble field respectively.The sand and gravel field was about 2 acres,and the rice stubble field was about 60 acres.The results showed that the coatings were mainly composed of matrix martensite and hard carbides such as M7C3,Cr7C3 and VC,the carbide eutectic strengthened coating(mass

关 键 词：旋耕刀 等离子堆焊 铁基耐磨涂层 显微硬度 摩擦磨损 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程] TG115.5[农业科学—农业工程]