无铅铜基自润滑材料中FeS与Bi相的协同润滑机制  

Synergistic Lubrication Mechanism of FeS and Bi Phases in Lead-free Copper Based Self-lubricating Materials

作　　者：刘聪 尹延国[2] 张国涛 马世榜[1] 张聪正 叶铁[1] LIU Cong;YIN Yanguo;ZHANG Guotao;MA Shibang;ZHANG Congzheng;YE Tie(School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering,Nanyang Normal University,Henan Nanyang 473061,China;Institute of Tribology,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Anhui Maanshan 243032,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院智能制造与电气工程学院,河南南阳473061 [2]合肥工业大学摩擦学研究所,合肥230009 [3]安徽工业大学机械工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期118-128,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575151);南阳师范学院自然科学类博士科研启动基金项目(231406);河南省科技攻关项目(252102220080,242102230064)。

摘　　要：目的研究无铅铜基固体自润滑材料的多相润滑特性,揭示FeS和Bi相的协同润滑机制。方法开展含单一润滑剂和FeS/Bi复合润滑剂的材料滑动摩擦学试验研究,通过对摩擦因数、磨损率、摩擦界面微观结构以及化学成分进行表征,分析FeS和Bi相的协同润滑特性。结果FeS/Cu-Bi材料中低熔点Bi相的引入可以提升FeS与铜基体的界面结合,减少材料表面孔隙,同时FeS的存在也可以细化Bi相在铜基体中的网状分布。FeS的加入能够减缓Bi相与基体间裂纹的形成与扩展,降低Bi相剥落,强化材料磨损表面,促使更多Bi相在摩擦界面富集。同时富Bi相的存在又促进了FeS在摩擦界面的留存和富集,二者相互促进形成富Bi与FeS的润滑膜和富Bi与FeS的转移膜摩擦界面,提升材料减摩耐磨性能。FeS和Bi相在铜基体中共存能降低自身参与摩擦化学反应的程度,提高FeS和Bi在磨损表面的保存率,形成富集FeS和Bi相厚度更佳的润滑膜,更好地发挥FeS和Bi减摩耐磨协同作用。结论相较于含单一润滑剂的材料,FeS/Cu-Bi材料中FeS/Bi在材料中的协同作用能提升二者在摩擦界面的留存,形成富集润滑剂的摩擦(转移)膜,增强材料的减摩耐磨性能。Although copper-lead alloy materials have good antifriction properties,lead is highly toxic.Cu-Bi materials developed by replacing lead with green,nontoxic bismuth with a low melting point have good antifriction properties.However,bismuth is brittle and easily peels off from friction surfaces due to shear force during friction,resulting in a remarkable decrease in the wear resistance of materials.Similar to graphite,FeS has a stable structure and properties and does not react with the copper matrix during sintering.Therefore,it is a good solid lubricant.FeS can improve the peeling of the bismuth phase.An appropriate content of FeS and Bi can confer copper-based composites with good antifriction and wear resistance.In this work,a tribological experimental research on materials containing single and FeS/Bi composite lubricants is conducted.The synergistic lubrication characteristics of FeS and bismuth phases are explored by characterizing friction coefficients,wear rates,friction interface microstructures,and chemical compositions.Results indicate that the bismuth phase with a low melting point can effectively fill the pores formed by the weak interface between FeS and the copper matrix,thereby improving the density of the material surface in microstructures.At the same time,the presence of FeS refines the network distribution of the bismuth phase in the copper matrix.The FeS/Cu-Bi self-lubricating material prepared with the FeS/Bi composite component can reduce the adhesion of the copper matrix on the surfaces of counterparts,thereby forming a thin transfer film.The presence of FeS in FeS/Cu-Bi materials slows down the formation and propagation of cracks between the Bi phase and the matrix,reducing the peeling off of the Bi phase,strengthening the worn surface of the material,and promoting enrichment of more Bi phases at the friction interface.Meanwhile,the existence of Bi rich phase promotes the retention and enrichment of FeS at the friction interface.Both of these promote each other to form a friction interface

关 键 词：无铅化 铜基自润滑材料 多相固体润滑 减摩耐磨 摩擦膜 协同机制 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]