GCr15钢激光固态相变滚动接触疲劳性能研究  

Rolling Contact Fatigue Property of GCr15 Steel by Laser Solid-state Phase Transformation

作　　者：张群莉 胡牛楠[1,2,3] 项一侯 陈智君 王建刚 陈凯[1,2,4] 安少刚 姚建华 ZHANG Qunli;HU Niunan;XIANG Yihou;CHEN Zhijun;WANG Jiangang;CHEN Kai;AN Shaogang;YAO Jianhua(College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology,Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Eco-Industrial Innovation Research Institute of Zhejiang University of Technology,Zhejiang Longyou 324499,China;HG Laser Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223,China;Zhongzhe High-speed Railway Bearing Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Longyou 324499,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,杭州310023 [2]浙江工业大学激光先进制造研究院,杭州310023 [3]特种装备制造与先进加工技术教育部/浙江省重点实验室,杭州310023 [4]衢州市浙工大生态工业创新研究院,浙江龙游324499 [5]武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司,武汉430223 [6]中浙高铁轴承有限公司,浙江龙游324499

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第7期129-138,150,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4603400);浙江省“尖兵”攻关计划(2023C01064,2024SJCZX0040);浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划(2023R5210)。

摘　　要：目的基于高速列车运行工况的复杂性,更高的转速将导致其轴承滚道发生更严重的磨损,需要硬度更高、深度更深的强化层保护轴承在高周次循环下的正常运行,采用深层强化技术,深入研究强化层深度对其滚动接触疲劳性能的影响,以期指导工程实践。方法采用平面线接触滚动接触疲劳装置,分析不同强化层深度对GCr15轴承钢滚动接触疲劳性能的影响。使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计、激光共聚焦显微镜等设备分析不同深度强化层的组织转变和滚动接触疲劳损伤机理。结果GCr15轴承钢表层因激光固态相变的快速加热和冷却过程,形成隐晶马氏体,碳化物形态由不规则聚集转变为更均匀、更细小的球状碳化物,表层硬度显著增加。同时,激光固态相变引入了最高达373 MPa的残余压应力,残余压应力对抑制裂纹扩展具有显著效果,可使材料在保持较好耐磨性的同时提高其滚动接触疲劳性能。结论在相同的疲劳试验条件下,强化层深度越大,材料的抗塑性变形能力越强,裂纹扩展更困难,疲劳损伤由表面早期大面积剥落转为局部剥落损伤,该研究可为高速列车轴承的表面强化处理提供参考。Due to the complex operating conditions of high-speed trains,higher speed usually causes more serious wear on the bearing raceways.Therefore,a hardened layer with higher hardness and deeper depth is required to protect the normal operation of bearings under high-cycle cycles.By adopting deeper strengthening technology,this study focuses on the influence of hardened layer depth on rolling contact fatigue performance to guide engineering practice.The influence of different hardened layer depth on the rolling contact fatigue performance of GCr15 bearing steel was analyzed with a plane line contact rolling contact fatigue device.The microstructure transformation and rolling contact fatigue damage mechanism under different hardened layer depth were analyzed by metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope,microhardness tester and laser confocal microscope etc.Cryptocrystalline martensite was formed in the surface layer of GCr15 bearing steel due to the rapid heating and cooling process of laser solid-state phase transformation.The morphology of carbides in the surface hardened layer changed from irregular aggregation to more uniform and finer spherical carbides,and the hardness of the surface layer increased significantly.At the same time,the residual compressive stress of up to 373 MPa was introduced by laser solid-state phase transformation.The introduction of residual compressive stress played a positive role in inhibiting crack propagation,which could improve the rolling contact fatigue performance of the material while maintaining good wear resistance.Under identical fatigue testing conditions,an increase in the hardened layer depth enhances the material's resistance to plastic deformation,making crack propagation more difficult.Consequently,fatigue damage transitions from extensive surface spalling in the early stage to localized spalling damage.The research results can provide a reference for surface strengthening treatment of high-speed train bearings.

关 键 词：激光固态相变 GCR15轴承钢 滚动接触疲劳性能 损伤机理 

分 类 号：TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]