中美国际教育援助比较与挑战应对  

A Comparative Study of International Education Aid Between China and the United States: Challenges and Countermeasures

作　　者：涂端午 焦艺鸿 TU Duanwu;JIAO Yihong

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际教育学院,北京100089

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2025年第1期111-126,I0002,共17页Renmin University of China Education Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“国际教育交流品牌发展战略研究”(项目编号:BGA230256);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题“教育强国内涵、特征与建设路径研究”(项目编号:23JZD044);中央高校基本科研业务费北京外国语大学学生科研创新项目“全球竞争力、国家安全与外语教育:美国的经验教训”(项目编号:2023JX032)。

摘　　要：对USAID官方数据库和AidData数据库相关数据的统计分析显示,在教育援助政策理念上具有明显差异的中美两国,近十年在援助对象国和地区、援助方式等方面存在趋同性。这种趋同性随着美国“2021年战略竞争法案”的颁布,将会得到进一步强化。国际教育援助正成为美国与中国竞争的重要领域。面对日益激烈的竞争和挑战,我国国际教育援助需要统筹运用好国际国内两个市场、两种资源、两类规则,来以变应变。应对策略包括:通过完善教育援助法规政策和评估标准体系,推进援助工作高质量发展;用好联合国《可持续发展议程2030》等国际软法,为构建人类命运共同体注入更多教育内涵;扩大对内对外开放,加强教育援助的国内外统筹协调;深化南南知识合作,打造教育援助品牌体系;推进教育援助数字化等。The statistical and comparative analysis of international education aid between China and the United States, through the official database of USAID and AidData, revealed a convergence in terms of the target countries and regions, as well as aid methods of international education, despite fundamental divergences in aid policies over the past decade. This convergence is expected to be further strengthened with the enactment of the U.S. “Strategic Competition Act of 2021”. International education aid has emerged as a prominent domain of the US and China's great power rivalry. To deal with increasingly fierce competition and challenges, China should coordinate domestic and foreign markets, resources, and rules in international education aid, adapting to changes and surmounting turbulence flexibly. The specific coping strategies include: further improve related laws, policies, and evaluation standards system of education aid, promoting high-quality development of aid implementation;make good use of international “soft law”, injecting more educational connotations into the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind;expand opening-up and strengthen the coordination of education aid home and abroad;deepen the South-South knowledge cooperation, building Chinese educational aid brands;and promote the digitization of education aid.

关 键 词：中美 国际教育援助 援助竞争 挑战应对 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]