《左传》“皆曰国士在”诸说平议  

Critical Reviews on the Interpretations of“All Saying Existence of the State-owned Sage”in Zuo Zhuan

作　　者：李国帅 Li Guoshuai(School of Literature,Shandong University,Ji’nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《洛阳师范学院学报》2025年第3期51-55,共5页Journal of Luoyang Normal University

摘　　要：对《左传·成公十六年》“皆曰国士在”一句中“皆曰”的主体和“国士”所指,历来主要有四种说法:服虔认为“皆曰”的主体是伯州犁和苗贲皇,“国士”指晋公卒和楚王卒;杜预认为“皆曰”的主体是晋侯左右,“国士”特指伯州犁;惠栋将“皆曰”的主体解释为楚王和晋侯左右,“国士”指伯州犁和苗贲皇;竹添光鸿认为“皆曰”的主体是晋侯左右,“国士”指楚王卒。通过以经解经的方式发现,《左传》中“皆曰”的主体均处在同一时空,“国”字针对性极强,表示本国之意,“国士”就是本国之士,也就是由晋奔楚的伯州犁,杜预的解释更为合理。There have been four main interpretations of the phrase“all saying existence of the state-owned sage”in Zuo Zhuan,specifically regarding the subject of“all saying”and the referent of“the state-owned sage”.Fu Qian believed that the subjects of“all saying”were Bo Zhouli and Miao Benhuang,and“the state-owned sages”referred to the troops of Duke Jin and King Chu.Du Yu argued that the subjects of“all saying”were the people around Duke Jin,and“the state-owned sage”specifically referred to Bo Zhouli.Hui Dong interpreted the subjects of“all saying”as the people around King Chu and Duke Jin,with“the state-owned sages”referring to Bo Zhouli and Miao Benhuang.Chikuwa Mitsuharu thought that the subjects of“all saying”were the people around Duke Jin,and“the state-owned sages”referred to the troops of King Chu.Through the method of interpreting the classics with the classics,it is found that in Zuo Zhuan,the subjects of“all saying”are always in the same time and space,and the character“State”is highly specific,indicating one’s own country.“The state-owned sage”thus means a person in the country,specifically Bo Zhouli who defected from Jin to Chu.Therefore,Du Yu’s interpretation appears to be more reasonable.

关 键 词：《左传》 皆曰 国士 杜预 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学]