后生元的物质基础及其免疫作用机制研究进展  

Research progress on material basis of postbiotics and their immune mechanisms

作　　者：张悦[1] 纪锡伟 康志远 薛玉玲 彭丽萍[4] 王世杰 卢涵 ZHANG Yue;JI Xiwei;KANG Zhiyuan;XUE Yuling;PENG Liping;WANG Shijie;LU Han(College of Food and Biology,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;College of Biological Sciences and Engineering,Hebei University of Economic and Business,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Junlebao Dairy Group Co.Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050221,China;College of Life Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050010,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050061 [3]君乐宝乳业集团股份有限公司,河北石家庄050221 [4]河北师范大学生命科学学院,河北石家庄050010

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2025年第8期376-385,共10页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z2804G);河北省“三三三人才工程”重点项目(A20231002);石家庄后补助奖励专项资金项目(226790217H);石家庄市产业技术研究院建设项目(228790859A)。

摘　　要：后生元是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其他成分的制剂,包括代谢产物和菌体成分。与益生菌相比,后生元在稳定性、安全性、标准化和应用范围方面展现出了显著优势,因此迅速吸引了广泛关注。该文综述了后生元的主要物质基础,按照胞内代谢物、胞外代谢物及菌体成分分类,简述了肽类和蛋白质、胞外多糖、有机酸、短链脂肪酸、磷壁酸等成分的功能特性,同时从菌株类型、培养条件及灭活方式3个方面讨论了对后生元成分及生物活性的影响因素,最后根据后生元物质基础,重点阐述了后生元的5种免疫调节机制。该文将为后生元后续的研究及应用提供理论基础。Postbiotics refer to preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or other components that are beneficial to the health of the host,including metabolites and bacterial components.Postbiotics have quickly attracted attention due to their significant advantages over probiotics in terms of stability,safety,standardization,and application range.In this paper,the main material basis of postbiotics is reviewed,and the functional properties of peptides and proteins,exopolysaccharides,organic acids,short-chain fatty acids,teichoic-acid,and other components are briefly described according to the classification of intracellular metabolites,extracellular metabolites,and bacterial components.The influencing factors on the components and biological activities of postbiotics were discussed in terms of culture conditions and inactivation methods,and finally,several immunomodulatory mechanisms of postbiotics were elaborated according to the material basis of postbiotics.This review will provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent research and application of postbiotics.

关 键 词：后生元 物质基础 生物活性 影响因素 免疫机制 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]