混流式水轮机不同负荷条件下转轮和尾水管空化特性研究  

Research on Cavitation Characteristics of Wheel and Tail Water Pipe of Mixed Flow Turbine Under Different Load Conditions

作　　者：张晓妍 ZHANG Xiaoyan(Gansu Diantou Darong Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃电投大容电力有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《自动化应用》2025年第7期295-298,共4页Automation Application

摘　　要：为解决混流式水轮机在不同负荷条件下空化特性的问题,以HLS196-LJ-680型低水头混流式水轮机为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学方法进行数值模拟,分析额定负荷、部分负荷和过负荷工况下转轮和尾水管的空化特性。结果表明,随着负荷的增加,转轮空化从片状空化逐渐过渡到涡带空化和涡核空化,空化强度增强,但面积在过负荷时收缩;尾水管空化呈现从中心集中到周向扩散,再到强化中心空化的演变趋势。基于研究结果,提出了转轮叶片型线优化、微沟槽表面处理、尾水管导流叶片等空化抑制措施。综合优化后,转轮和尾水管空化体积分别减少38.5%和44.7%,年平均效率提升1.2%,为混流式水轮机的设计优化和安全运行提供了理论依据。To address the issue of cavitation characteristics in mixed flow turbines under different load conditions,this paper takes the HLS196-LJ-680 low-head mixed flow turbine as the research object and employs Computational Fluid Dynamics methods for numerical simulation.The cavitation characteristics of the wheel and tail water pipe under rated load,partial load,and overload conditions are analyzed.The results indicate that as the load increases,the cavitation in the wheel transitions from sheet cavitation to vortex band cavitation and vortex core cavitation,with the cavitation intensity increasing but the area contracting under overload conditions.The cavitation in the tail water pipe evolves from being concentrated at the center to spreading circumferentially,and then to enhanced central cavitation.Based on the findings,cavitation suppression measures such as optimization of the wheel blade profile,micro-groove surface treatment,and guide vanes in the tail water pipe are proposed.After comprehensive optimization,the cavitation volume in the wheel and tail water pipe is reduced by 38.5%and 44.7%,respectively,and the annual average efficiency is improved by 1.2%.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design optimization and safe operation of mixed flow turbines.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 转轮 尾水管 空化特性 

分 类 号：TV136.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]