控释肥对大蒜生长发育与产量的影响  

Effects of Controlled-release Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Allium sativum

作　　者：王心迪 崔艳秋 葛林 李庆灿 马梦晴 乔晓琳 WANG Xindi;CUI Yanqiu;GE Lin;LI Qingcan;MA Mengqing;QIAO Xiaoin(Jining Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jining 272100,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业技术推广中心,山东济宁272100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2025年第4期62-67,共6页Vegetables

基　　金：2023年山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划(SDNYXTTG-2023-39)。

摘　　要：为解决大蒜生产过程中的化肥施用不合理问题,以金乡紫皮大蒜为试验材料,对比分析了减量施肥条件下单独施用控释肥和施用控释肥+有机肥对大蒜农艺性状、外观品质、产量以及抗病性的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥对照相比,单独施用控释肥和施用控释肥+有机肥的大蒜叶色浓绿,株高、假茎粗和根条数均显著增加,株高分别增加3.05%和3.64%,假茎粗分别增加15.97%和17.36%,根条数平均增加15.09%和16.98%;单独施用控释肥和施用控释肥+有机肥均较对照显著提高了蒜头外观品质和产量,蒜头直径分别增加3.44%和4.35%,单头质量分别增加20.05%和21.39%,单头蒜瓣数分别增加4.20%和5.88%,小区产量分别增加19.8%和21.5%;单独施用控释肥和施用控释肥+有机肥对大蒜叶枯病、软腐病、根腐病均有一定预防效果,防治效果分别达到34.3%和43.8%,29.7%和32.4%,32.5%和47.5%;单独施用控释肥的节本增效作用更佳,较对照实现667 m~2节本增效2058.6元,施用控释肥+有机肥可节本增效2036.5元。从节本增效和符合蒜农生产习惯等方面考虑,由于施用控释肥+有机肥的施肥种类较多,不利于轻简化生产,因此,减量施肥,即667 m~2施用48%控释肥120 kg在生产中更具有推广应用价值。To solve the problem of irrational chemical fertilizer application in garlic production,Jinxiang purple peel garlic was used as the experimental material,and the effects of controlled-release fertilizer alone and controlled-release fertilizer+organic fertilizer on agronomic traits,appearance quality,yield and disease resistance of garlic were compared and analyzed under the condition of reduced fertilization.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization control,the leaf color of garlic with controlled-release fertilizer alone and controlled-release fertilizer+organic fertilizer were dark green,the plant height,pseudostem diameter and root number increased significantly,the plant height increased by 3.05%and 3.64%,respectively,pseudostem diameter increased by 15.97%and 17.36%,respectively,and the root numbers increased by 15.09%and 17.36%on average.Compared with the control,controlled-release fertilizer alone and controlled-release fertilizer+organic fertilizer significantly improved the appearance quality and yield of garlic heads,with the diameter of garlic heads increased by 3.44%and 4.35%,respectively,the weight of each head increased by 20.05%and 21.39%,respectively,the numbers of garlic cloves of each garlic head increased by 4.20%and 5.88%,respectively,and the plot yield increased by 19.8%and 21.5%,respectively.Controlled-release fertilizer alone and controlled-release fertilizer+organic fertilizer also exhibited disease prevention effects,with the control effects against leaf blight of 34.3%and 43.8%,soft rot of 29.7%and 32.4%,and root rot of 32.5%and 47.5%,respectively.The cost-saving and effect-increasing of controlled-release fertilizer alone was better than that of the control,achieving cost saving and efficiency increases by 2058.6 yuan per 667 m2,and the application of controlled-release fertilizer+organic fertilizer could save cost and increase efficiency by 2036.5 yuan per 667 m2.Considering the cost saving and efficiency improvement and conforming to the production habits of

关 键 词：大蒜 控释肥 有机肥 农艺性状 抗病性 叶枯病 软腐病 根腐病 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]