从贵金属到过渡金属:氧还原反应催化剂的发展历程  

From Noble Metals to Transition Metals:Evolution of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts

作　　者：刘海静 张琦 宗玲博 LIU Haijing;ZHANG Qi;ZONG Lingbo(Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering,Ministry of Education,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院/生态化工国家重点实验室培育基地/生态化学工程与绿色制造国际科技合作基地,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《广州化工》2025年第7期1-3,7,共4页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：中国国家自然科学基金(52172208)。

摘　　要：氧还原反应(ORR)是质子交换膜燃料电池、锌-空气电池等能源转换装置中的关键反应。催化剂的性能直接影响ORR的效率和设备的整体性能。本文综述了ORR催化剂的发展历程,从早期的贵金属Pt基催化剂到近年来备受关注的过渡金属催化剂和单原子催化剂。介绍了Pt基催化剂和过渡金属催化剂在ORR中的应用,重点探讨了单原子催化剂的概念、合成方法及其在ORR中的优异性能。最后,总结了各类催化剂的优缺点,并展望了未来ORR反应催化剂的发展方向。The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a key reaction in energy conversion devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and zinc-air batteries.The performance of catalysts directly affects the efficiency of ORR and the overall performance of the devices.The development of ORR catalysts was reviewed,from the early noble-metal Pt-based catalysts to the transition metal catalysts and single-atom catalysts which attracted much attention in recent years.The application of Pt-based and transition metal catalysts in ORR was introduced,with a particular focus on the concept,synthesis methods and excellent performance of single-atom catalysts in ORR.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts and looks ahead to the future development direction of ORR catalysts were summarized.

关 键 词：氧还原反应 贵金属催化剂 过渡金属催化剂 单原子催化剂 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学]