滩涂光伏建设中生境改变对水鸟影响及减缓措施研究  

Research on the Impact and Mitigation Measures of Habitat Change on Waterbirds During Photovoltaic Construction in Mudflat

作　　者：芦昱 钟稚昉 秦昊 LU Yu;ZHONG Zhi-fang;QIN Hao(Academy of Environmental Planning&Design,Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境规划设计研究院集团股份公司,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《环境科技》2025年第2期19-24,共6页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“典型脆弱生态系统保护与修复”重点专项(2024YFF1307204).

摘　　要：南黄海沿海地靠长三角腹地,电力需求大,光能资源充足,是发展光伏的重点区域。沿海滩涂也是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙最重要的节点,由于互花米草入侵和人类活动,迁徙水鸟的栖息地不断缩减。为协调光伏占用和水鸟保护,如东县堤外滩涂光伏拟建设于互花米草密生区内,在清除互花米草后建设集中式光伏,并开展底栖动物投放等生境改造。通过设定对照区进行类比评价,调查鸟类种群和底栖动物分布,分析发现,项目建设期,人类活动会驱离光伏场区附近栖息的鸻鹬类等水鸟,同时导致底栖动物生物量减少;项目运营期,互花米草区恢复成光滩,叠加其他生态补偿措施实施后,将大幅提升区域内湿地水鸟承载能力,实现人与自然和谐共生。The coastal area of the southern Yellow Sea is located in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta,with a high demand for electricity and sufficient solar energy resources,making it a key area for the development of photovoltaics.The coastal mudflat is also the most important node for migration of East Asia Australasia migratory birds.Due to the invasion of Spartina alterniflora and human development,the habitat of migratory waterfowl is shrinking.In order to coordinate PV occupation and waterfowl protection,Tu PV on the Bund of Rudong County is proposed to be built in the densely populated area of Spartina alterniflora.After the Spartina alterniflora is removed,centralized PV will be built,and benthic animal release and other habitat transformation will be carried out.By setting up a control area for analogical evaluation and investigating the distribution of bird populations and benthic animals,it was found that during the project construction period,human activities will drive away waterbirds such as plovers and sandpipers that inhabit the vicinity of the photovoltaic field,while also leading to a decrease in benthic animal biomass;During the operation period of the project,the restoration of Spartina alterniflora to Guangtan,combined with the implementation of other ecological compensation measures,will greatly enhance the carrying capacity of wetland waterbirds in the region and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

关 键 词：光伏发电 鸟类 生态影响 生态减缓措施 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]