基于形状记忆合金的阀用线性力马达响应特性研究  

Research on the Response Characteristics of Linear Force Motor for Valve Based on Shape Memory Alloys

作　　者：魏列江[1,2] 蔡江荣 万思梦 卢红煜 陈奕泽 WEI Liejiang;CAI Jiangrong;WAN Simeng;LU Hongyu;CHEN Yize(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps,Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Jiangsu Kemai Hydraulic Control System Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225104)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [3]江苏科迈液压控制系统有限公司,江苏扬州225104

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第4期1-10,共10页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3403003)。

摘　　要：针对当前阀用电磁铁体积大、重量大、成本高等问题,提出用NiTi形状记忆合金丝通电加热驱动阀芯的线性力马达方案。在Brinson一维本构方程的基础上,建立了形状记忆合金热力学模型,并运用MATLAB Simulink进行不同电流下形状记忆合金丝的电-热仿真,分析形状记忆合金丝的热量对线性力马达驱动响应特性的影响;理论计算得到直径0.5 mm时三种不同长度记忆合金丝在复位弹簧刚度为20 N/mm时的最大位移和驱动力。搭建试验台,环境温度22℃、电流6 A时,三种不同长度记忆合金丝均在0.5 s左右分别达到最大位移1.8、2.1、2.5 mm,对应驱动力为58.4、61、80 N;与仿真结果相比,位移和驱动力误差均在10%以内;断电自然冷却响应时间为5 s,总响应时间5.5 s。结果表明,采用形状记忆合金线性力马达驱动频响0.2 Hz以下的液压阀具有可行性。Current valve electromagnets face issues of large size,heavy weight,and high cost.A linear force motor scheme using electrically-heated NiTi shape memory alloys wire to electrically heat and drive the valve core is proposed.Based on Brinson's one-dimensional constitutive equation,a thermodynamic model of shape memory alloys is established.MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate shape memory alloys wire electro-thermal behavior under varying currents,and the heat-induced effects on linear force motor actuation are analyzed.When the spring stiffness is 20 N/mm,the maximum displacement and driving force of three different lengths of shape memory alloys wires with a diameter of 0.5 mm are calculated theoretically.Finally,a test bench is built.When 6 A current is applied at 22 C,the three diferent lengths of shape memory alloys wires reach the maximum displacement of 1.8,2.1,2.5 mm respectively at about 0.5 s.The corresponding driving forces are 58.4,61,80 N.Compared with the simulation results,the displacement and driving force errors are both within 10%.The natural cooling response time after power-off is 5 s,and the total response time is 5.5 s.The results show that it is feasible to use shape memory alloys linear force motor to drive the hydraulic valve with a frequency response below 0.2 Hz.

关 键 词：形状记忆合金 热力学 响应时间 位移 驱动力 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]