双控式液压凿岩机冲击活塞与缸体最佳间隙设计  

Optimal Clearance Design Between Impact Piston and Cylinder of Dual-chamber Controlled Hydraulic Rock Drill

作　　者：王建森[1] 闫红亮 张鑫[2] 王彦军[2] 刘彬 魏列江[1] WANG Jiansen;YAN Hongliang;ZHANG Xin;WANG Yanjun;LIU Bin;WEI Liejiang(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Tianshui Pneumatic Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Gansu Province,Tianshui,Gansu 741020)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]天水风动机械股份有限公司,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第4期79-91,共13页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：甘肃省技术创新引导计划(22CX8GA119);甘肃省科技重大专项(204257959071)。

摘　　要：以某型双控式液压凿岩机为研究对象,为使冲击活塞与缸体之间间隙能耗最小,采用集总参数法,在考虑油液压缩性、管路动态和泄漏等因素的基础上,建立了凿岩机冲击系统、缓冲系统、岩石的力学模型及活塞与缸体间隙能耗模型,并构建了对应的AMESim图形化求解模型。在一定结构参数下计算得到了活塞与换向阀的运动曲线、被控腔压力瞬态过程及间隙能耗特性,分析了间隙大小对间隙能耗的影响机制,归纳得到了该液压凿岩机间隙能耗最小时,冲击活塞与缸体之间径向间隙与工作压力的关系式,为液压凿岩机活塞和缸体径向配合间隙的确定提供理论依据。Taking a certain type of dual-chamber controlled hydraulic rock drill as the research object,this study aims to minimize the clearance energy losses between the impact piston and the cylinder.The lumped parameter modeling method is adopted to establish the mechanical models of the impact system,the damper system,the rock and the piston and cylinder clearance energy consumption model on the basis of considering the compressibility of the oil,the pipeline pressure losses and the leakage,and the corresponding AMESim graphical solving model is constructed.Under specified structural parameters,the motion curves of the piston and the spool valve,the transient process of the controlled chamber pressure and the characteristics of the clearance energy losses are calculated.The impact mechanism of size on clearance energy consumption is analyzed.The relationship of the piston-cylinder clearance and the working pressure are summarized when the energy loss of the gap is the smallest.It can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the radial fit gap between the piston and the cylinder of a hydraulic rock drill.

关 键 词：双控式液压凿岩机 冲击活塞 缸体 能量损失 最佳间隙 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TU631[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]