性别平等与差异:与谢野晶子对女性存在方式的探索与重构  

Gender Equality and Difference:Yosano Akiko’s Exploration and Reconstruction of Women’s Existential Modes

作　　者：孙菁菁[1] Sun Jingjing(JiLin University,Changchun,130000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《人文与社会科学学刊》2025年第2期416-421,共6页

基　　金：2021年吉林省社科基金项目“近代日本视阈下的与谢野晶子女性意识研究”(项目编号2021C135)。

摘　　要：与谢野晶子(1878-1942)作为日本近代女性主义先驱,以其敏锐的洞察力和深刻的思考,重构了性别关系中的平等与差异,勾勒出女性应有的存在方式。她从“人性”本质出发,主张打破传统性别规范的束缚,强调男女在人格价值上的绝对平等,同时认为生理差异之外的性别特征应通过自由发展实现互补。其观点的核心体现在对性别角色社会建构性的深刻批判与重构。她揭露“女人样儿”(女性气质)作为男权社会规训工具的本质,认为这一规范将女性异化为男性附属品,呼吁女性摒弃被塑造的性别角色,追求基于人性的独立人格;其次,她指摘传统性别分工的父权制根源,认为生理差异被滥用为限制女性社会参与的借口,主张通过教育平等与职业自由选择,建立以个体能力为基础的社会协作模式,打破“男主外,女主内”的压迫性结构。在此基础上,她进一步提出女性特质是尚未被充分认知的潜能领域,强调女性在摆脱规训后,其真实特质将弥补男性文化的缺陷,推动人类文明的进步。与谢野晶子的女性主义思想,既拒绝性别本质主义的桎梏,也倡导在协同中实现两性特质的多元共生,为女性解放提供了超越二元对立的实践路径.Yosano Akiko(1878–1942),a pioneering feminist in modern Japan,redefined equality and difference within gender relations through her incisive critiques and visionary thought,articulating a liberated mode of existence for women.Grounded in the universality of"human nature,"she called for dismantling traditional gender norms,asserting absolute equality in personal dignity between genders while advocating that gender-specific traits beyond biological differences should emerge through free development to foster mutual complementarity.Her philosophy critically targeted the social construction of gender roles.First,she unmasked"femininity"as a patriarchal disciplinary mechanism that reduces women to male appendages,urging women to reject externally imposed roles and cultivate independent personhood rooted in shared humanity.Second,she traced traditional gender divisions to patriarchal systems,arguing that biological differences had been weaponized to exclude women from public life.She demanded educational equity and occupational autonomy to establish a competency-based social framework,dismantling the oppressive"male-public/female-domestic"hierarchy.Beyond critique,she reconceptualized femininity as an uncharted domain of potential:authentic female traits,liberated from patriarchal constraints,could redress the limitations of male-centric culture and propel civilizational progress.Rejecting both gender essentialism and binary oppositions,Yosano envisioned a pluralistic symbiosis of gendered qualities through collaboration.Her feminism thus transcends simplistic equality-difference dichotomies,offering a transformative praxis for women’s liberation.

关 键 词：与谢野晶子 性别平等 性别差异 性别分工 性别特质 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]