称谓的政治逻辑:陈寿笔下的司马氏王号与魏晋禅代的历史形塑  

The Political Logic of Titulature:The Sima Clan’s Princely Titles and the Historical Construction of the Wei-Jin Abdication in Chen Shou’s Narratives

作　　者：于健平 YU Jianping;FANG Tao(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《人文与社会科学学刊》2025年第2期435-439,共5页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:知识史视域下的汉晋《左传》学研究(项目编号:21BZW0081)。

摘　　要：陈寿在《三国志》中以王号称呼司马懿、司马师、司马昭的书写设计,暗含西晋权力逻辑对历史编纂的深层规训。魏晋禅代中,王爵作为天命过渡的符号,被陈寿移植至司马氏权力进阶叙事,模拟其“自臣而君”的合法性链条。西晋“强宗王政治-弱皇权政治”的结构性需求,使宗王参政被视为政权存续的核心机制,而陈寿对曹魏宗王政治的批判则刻意窄化史实——以“宗王无权”的叙事虚构权力真空,将司马氏重构为“拟宗王”角色,在维持曹魏法统表层连续性的同时,又将魏晋禅代形塑为制度缺陷下的必然选择,最终完成西晋对历史记忆与权力起源的双重垄断,暴露中古史学以名实分离服务现实政治的深层逻辑.In Records of the Three Kingdoms,Chen Shou’s deliberate use of princely titles(e.g.,"Prince Xuan of Jin"for Sima Yi,"Prince Jing of Jin"for Sima Shi,and"Prince Wen of Jin"for Sima Zhao)subtly embodies the Western Jin’s political logic disciplining historical narratives.By transplanting these titles—symbols of the Mandate of Heaven’s transfer during the Wei-Jin abdication—into the Sima clan’s ascension narrative,Chen Shou analogized their legitimacy chain from"subject to sovereign."The structural demands of Western Jin’s"strong clan-based princely politics vs.weak imperial authority"system elevated clan princes’political participation as a core mechanism for regime survival.Yet Chen Shou’s critique of Cao Wei’s princely politics deliberately narrowed historical realities:his narrative of"powerless imperial clansmen"fabricated a vacuum of authority,recasting the Sima clan as"quasi-princely"agents.While superficially maintaining Cao Wei’s legal continuity,he framed the Wei-Jin transition as an inevitable choice under systemic flaws,ultimately legitimizing Western Jin’s dual monopoly over historical memory and power origins.This exposes medieval Chinese historiography’s deeper logic—manipulating nominal-real disjunctures to serve contemporary politics.

关 键 词：《三国志》称谓 王号 魏晋政治 

分 类 号：K236[历史地理—历史学]