后自由国际主义时代美国对外战略转型的两种路径  

The Two Paths of the Transformation of American Grand Strategy in the Era of Post-Liberal Internationalism

作　　者：王浩[1] 叶成城[2] WANG Hao;YE Chengcheng(Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai,200020,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433 [2]上海社会科学院,上海200020

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2025年第3期26-38,共13页Pacific Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“美国国内政治大变局及其对中美战略博弈的影响研究”(22JJD810005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,世界百年变局加速演进。其中,大国地缘竞争的深化正在推动美国对外战略逐步脱离二战后的自由国际主义传统,朝着现实主义方向持续快速转型。在此总体趋势下,特朗普政府和拜登政府分别以“有原则”的现实主义和“灵活务实”的现实主义赋予美国对外战略两种不同的转型路径。两种转型路径对大国地缘竞争背景下美国如何应对全球地缘政治变局、地缘经济变局以及意识形态变局等重大问题有着不同理解,因而导向了在美国对外战略主要领域———包括大国竞争战略、国际经济战略、联盟战略、价值观战略以及国际制度与全球治理战略等的不同选择。两种路径折射出美国国内民粹派和建制派政治力量对时代变局的认知差异,哪种路径能够最终重塑后自由国际主义时代的美国对外战略将对中美关系和国际格局的走向产生深远影响,值得持续观察。In recent years,the acceleration of the world’s century-old changes,especially the deepening of geopolitical competition among major powers,has pushed the U.S.grand strategy to gradually break away from the tradition of liberal internationalism after World War II and continue to transform in the direction of realism.Under this trend,the Trump administration and the Biden administration have given the United States two different transformation paths of grand strategy with principled realism and pragmatic realism respectively.The two transformation paths have different understandings of having the United States to cope with the global geopolitical,economic and ideological changes under the background of great power competition,and then lead to different choices in the main areas of American grand strategy,including the strategy of competition among major powers,international economic strategy,alliance strategy,value strategy as well as international system and global governance strategy.The two paths represent the understandings of the populist political forces and the establishment political forces toward the changing situations of the time in the United States.The path of ultimately reshaping the grand strategy of the United States remains to be seen.

关 键 词：大国竞争 美国对外战略转型 特朗普 有原则的现实主义 灵活务实的现实主义 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]