我国反垄断法中经营者认定标准的反思与优化  

Reflections and Optimization of Criteria for Identifying Operators under China's Anti-Monopoly Law

作　　者：童肖安图 TONG Xiaoantu(Law School,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广州510006

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第2期19-33,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“人工智能领域经营者滥用市场支配地位的反垄断法规制研究”(20BFX148)。

摘　　要：我国反垄断法中的经营者认定标准缺乏一致性,原因在于经营者的定义未能体现反垄断法的特性,难以有效界定经营者的范畴。经营者的反垄断法特性需要从主体间存在市场竞争关系与主体行为具有市场竞争性两方面体现,形成主体独立地位要件与市场竞争行为要件相结合的经营者认定标准。对于主体独立地位要件,基本标准是控制权标准,即产生决定性影响的范围,辅助标准是垄断协议与滥用市场支配地位制度中的市场竞争环境因素;对于市场竞争行为要件,基本标准是竞争关联性标准,即行为与市场竞争存在关联性,补充标准是排除不具有市场竞争性的社会公益行为与行政行为。为了完善规则体系,应当在优化经营者定义的基础上,为两要件的认定标准制定程序规则。The criteria for identifying operators under China's anti-monopoly law suffer from a lack of consistency,primarily due to inadequacies in the definitions of operators that fail to capture the unique characteristics of anti-monopoly law.This ambiguity complicates the effective delineation of the operator's scope.The characteristics of operators in the context of anti-monopoly law should be reflected in two dimensions:the existence of competitive market relationships between entities and the competitive behavior of those entities.This necessitates a combined standard that integrates the criteria of independent entity status with competitive market conduct.For the criterion of independent entity status,the fundamental standard is the control rights standard,which pertains to the extent of decisive influence exerted by an entity.Auxiliary standards include factors related to market competition conditions as identified in both monopoly agreements and the framework governing the abuse of dominant market positions.Regarding the criterion for competitive market conduct,the basic standard is the competitive correlation standard,which asserts that the conduct must be related to competitive market dynamics.Supplementary standards should exclude actions that do not exhibit competitive characteristics,such as certain social welfare initiatives and administrative actions.To enhance the regulatory framework,it is crucial to refine the definition of operators and establish procedural rules for the identification standards associated with both independent entity status and competitive market conduct.

关 键 词：反垄断法 经营者 主体独立地位 市场竞争行为 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]