个人信息更正权的双重规则构造与定位  

The Dual Rule Structure and Positioning of the Right to Rectify Personal Information

作　　者：萧鑫 XIAO Xin(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第2期107-122,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：中国社会科学院“青启计划”资助项目“个人信息处理关系中的权利冲突问题研究”(2024QQJH138)。

摘　　要：个人信息更正权作为人格权请求权具有促进个人参与个人信息处理活动的积极自由精神,其规则构造包括成立规则和行使规则两个方面。个人信息更正权的成立以存在广义的错误信息与正确信息为前提,但不以过错为必要,同时需要接受基于利益衡量的例外检验。在例外检验中,应以更正成本显著高于收益作为特殊抗辩事由,而不再持续控制错误个人信息并不能阻却权利成立。在权利行使规则方面,个人需要对成立要件事实和当事人适格性进行举证,个人信息处理者应就抗辩事由承担举证责任,并遵循初步证据标准核实材料、及时回应。个人信息处理者还可能承担停止非存储行为和对异议信息加以标注的义务,而其更正义务一般仅及于个人所主张的错误信息及其直接副本。个人信息更正权作为新型权利,仍然可以纳入防御请求权与民事责任的一般范畴。The right to rectify personal information,as a personality right claim,embodies the positive spirit of individual participation in the processing of personal information.Its rule structure comprises two key aspects:the rules for establishment and the rules for exercise of the right.The establishment of the right to rectify personal information is predicated on the existence of erroneous information( in a broad sense) and correct information;however,it does not require proof of fault.Additionally,this right is subject to an exception test based on interest balancing.In this context,a special defense argument is that the cost of rectification significantly outweighs the benefits,and the mere continued control of erroneous personal information does not negate the establishment of this right.Regarding the rules for exercising the right,individuals must provide evidence for the factual basis of the right' s establishment and for the eligibility of the parties involved.The personal information processor bears the burden of proof regarding defense arguments and must adhere to a preliminary evidence standard to verify materials and respond in a timely manner.Additionally,the personal information processor may have obligations to cease non-storage actions and to mark disputed information,while its rectification obligation generally extends only to the erroneous information asserted by the individual and its direct copies.As a novel right,the right to rectify personal information can still be integrated into the broader categories of defensive claims and civil liability.

关 键 词：个人信息更正权 人格权请求权 成立规则 行使规则 体系定位 

分 类 号：DF526[政治法律—民商法学]