目的限定视角下行政机关间共享个人信息行为的法治约束  

The Legal Restrictions on Personal Information Sharing among Administrative Organs under the Principle of Purpose Limitation

作　　者：黄智杰 HUANG Zhijie(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100080

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第2期123-141,共19页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“社会信用体系的法律保障机制研究”(21&ZD199)。

摘　　要：行政机关间共享个人信息的行为具有行政性、法定性、外部性,应当满足主体合法、权限合法、程序合法、内容合法的要求。从“目的限定”角度观察,行政机关间的个人信息共享可以分为“目的内共享”与“目的外共享”两种类型。目的内共享行为情形有限、风险较低,主要以组织法规则、行政决策程序规则或是目的兼容规则作为依据。相较而言,目的外共享行为具有更强的隐蔽性、规模性、风险性,加剧了行政权力与相对人权利关系结构的失衡,需要展开严密、专门的法律控制。对此,应以共享行为的“可预见性”为中心,从共享前提、正当事由、个人参与和组织保障四个维度构建目的外共享行为的法治约束框架。The sharing of personal information among administrative organs is characterized by its administrative,statutory,and extraterritorial nature.Such activities must comply with legal requirements regarding the legitimacy of entities,authority,procedures,and content.From the perspective of “purpose limitation”,personal information sharing can be categorized into “in-purpose sharing” and “out-of-purpose sharing.” In-purpose sharing is limited in scope,poses lower risks,and is primarily governed by organizational law,administrative decision-making procedures,or rules of purpose compatibility.In contrast,out-of-purpose sharing is more concealing,broader in scale,and riskier,further disrupting the balance between administrative power and individual rights.Consequently,it requires rigorous and specialized legal oversight.To this end,a legal framework for regulating out-of-purpose sharing should be established based on the predictability of sharing activities,encompassing four dimensions:prerequisites for sharing,legitimate justifications,individual participation,and organizational safeguards.

关 键 词：目的限定 个人信息共享 整体政府 可预见性 数字法治政府 

分 类 号：DF36[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]