行政复议变更决定:定位、适用与限定——《行政复议法》第63条评释  

Administrative Reconsideration Change Decision:Positioning,Application,and Limitations-Commentary on Article 63 of the Administrative Reconsideration Law

作　　者：章剑生[1] ZHANG Jiansheng(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《现代法学》2025年第2期142-157,共16页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：行政复议变更决定与撤销决定的适用情形在法规范变迁史上,表现为从混合到分立的过程。在行政复议决定体系中如何定位变更决定,学理上有“核心论”和“优先论”之争,但是,行政复议制度的原旨、权利救济的诉求和行政复议机关的变更能力决定了在行政复议决定体系中,撤销决定应当具有核心的地位,而包括变更决定在内的其他行政复议决定都是或者应当是围绕撤销决定展开的。变更决定分为实质违法的变更和形式违法的变更,前者限于“内容不适当”,后者包括“未正确适用依据”和“事实不清、证据不足,经行政复议机关查清事实和证据”两种情形。变更决定受有限变更规则约束。判断“更为不利”的标准是加重原告的义务或者减损原告的权利。The application of administrative reconsideration change decisions and revocation decisions reflects a historical transition from a mixed framework to a separate framework.The theoretical debate regarding the positioning of change decisions within the administrative reconsideration decision system centers on the “ core theory” versus the “ priority theory”.However,the fundamental purpose of the administrative reconsideration system,the demand for rights relief,and the capacity of administrative reconsideration bodies to effectuate changes collectively indicate that revocation decisions should occupy a central position in this system.Other administrative reconsideration decisions,including change decisions,should center on revocation decisions.Change decisions can be categorized into substantively illegal changes and formal illegal changes.Substantive illegal changes are limited to instances of “inappropriate content”,while formal illegal changes encompass two scenarios:“ incorrect application of basis” and “unclear facts and insufficient evidence,clarified by the administrative reconsideration authority”.Change decisions are subject to limitations change rules,and the standard for determining “ the more disadvantageous” involves increasing the applicant's obligations or diminishing the plaintiff's rights.

关 键 词：行政复议 变更决定 撤销决定 不利变更 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]