超声波雾化技术在汉阳陵土遗址补水保护实验  

Experimental investigation of ultrasonic atomization for moisture preservation at Han Yangling earthen sites

作　　者：常彬 李佳轩 李库 马涛 顾兆林[1] 罗昔联[1] CHANG Bin;LI Jiaxuan;LI Ku;MA Tao;GU Zhaolin;LUO Xilian(School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Department of Science and Technology Protection,Hanyangling Museum,Xi’an 710201,China;School of Conservation Science&Technology for Cultural Heritage,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院,陕西西安710049 [2]汉景帝阳陵博物院科技保护部,陕西西安710201 [3]陕西科技大学文物保护科学与技术学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期379-388,共10页Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52078417);陕西省重点研发计划(2024SF-YBXM-679)。

摘　　要：干裂和盐分富集是暴露于土壤空气耦合环境中的土遗址常见的劣化问题。单纯依赖维持高相对湿度的空气环境,无法完全避免土遗址的劣化,主要原因在于水分存在从土遗址向空气环境的单向迁移。为此,该研究提出了一种新的保护策略,在土遗址表面构建雾状大气,通过超声波雾化技术生成含微米级水滴的近饱和空气,促进液态水向土遗址的回迁,从而抑制劣化进程。为验证该方法的有效性,在西安市汉阳陵博物馆的模拟土遗址展厅中建立了超声波雾化补水系统,并通过一系列实验测试对其效果进行了评估。实验结果表明,补水处理后,土遗址表层土壤含水量恢复至接近挖掘前的水平,部分裂缝得到了显著愈合,表层可溶盐含量明显降低,未观察到盐害的发生。此外,超声波雾化补水方法在土遗址出土初期表现出最佳的补水效果,为该技术在土遗址保护中的应用提供了重要的实践依据。Cracking and salt accumulation are common forms of degradation in earthen sites exposed to soil-air interactions.Maintaining a high relative humidity alone cannot fully prevent degradation in earthen sites,mainly because moisture migrates unidirectionally from the site to the surrounding air.To address this,the study proposes a novel conservation strategy:Creating a mist-like atmosphere on the earthen site’s surface using ultrasonic atomization technology to generate near-saturated air containing micron-sized water droplets.This promotes the return migration of liquid water,thereby inhibiting degradation.To verify the method’s effectiveness,an ultrasonic atomization moisture system was established in a simulated exhibition hall of an earthen site at the Han Yangling Museum in Xi’an,and experimental tests were conducted to assess its performance.The results show that after moisture treatment,the soil moisture content at the surface of the earthen site returned to near its pre-excavation level.Some cracks healed significantly,and the soluble salt content at the surface decreased,with no salt damage observed.Furthermore,the ultrasonic atomization method showed optimal moisture effects during the early stages of excavation,offering valuable practical insights for its application in earthen site conservation.

关 键 词：土遗址 补水保护 超声波雾化 干裂 盐分富集 

分 类 号：TU411[建筑科学—岩土工程]