硫肥用量对雪茄烟叶产量、品质及燃烧性能的影响  

Effects of sulphur fertilizer dosage on yield,quality,and combustion performance of cigar tobacco leaves

作　　者：孙敬国 常怡飞 郑小妹 乔保明 樊友伦 田辉文 陈涛 柴利广 翟霖顿 孙学成[2] SUN Jingguo;CHANG Yifei;ZHENG Xiaomei;QIAO Baoming;FAN Youlun;TIAN Huiwen;CHEN Tao;CHAI Liguang;ZHAI Lindun;SUN Xuecheng(Hubei Academy of Tobacco Sciences,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Enshi Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company,Xuanen 445500,China;Xiangyang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company,Xiangyang 441003,China;Shiyan Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company,Shiyan 442012,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草科学研究院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,宣恩445500 [4]湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司,襄阳441003 [5]湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司,十堰442012

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第2期170-176,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2022-022)。

摘　　要：为确定雪茄烟适宜的硫肥用量,以茄芯品种楚雪14(CX-14)为试验材料,利用田间试验研究不同硫肥用量(0、60、120和180 kg/hm^(2))对雪茄烟生长农艺性状、产量、品质及燃烧性能的影响。结果显示,与不施硫肥相比,硫肥施用可提高生育期雪茄烟株高、最大叶宽、叶长、有效叶片数和SPAD值,提高产量和上等烟率从而提高产值,其中120 kg/hm^(2)硫处理产量和产值最高,60 kg/hm^(2)硫处理上等烟率最高;硫肥施用有提高雪茄烟叶总糖、还原糖、还原糖占比和粗蛋白含量的趋势,进而有助于烟叶内在品质的提高;与不施硫相比,60 kg/hm^(2)处理通过增加烟叶燃烧过程中的活化能,降低烟叶燃烧起始温度,减少灰分,其最大热流率温度和总热释放量分别增加10.9%和6.3%,燃烧过程中的频率因子减少43.7%,从而提升了烟叶的燃烧性能。在本试验条件下,雪茄烟叶适宜的硫肥用量为60 kg/hm^(2),过量的硫肥施用(120和180 kg/hm^(2))虽然能增加雪茄烟叶的产量和经济效益,但不利于烟叶燃烧性能的提升。因此,在雪茄烟种植过程中,可以考虑适当减少硫酸钾的施用,而改用碳酸钾等钾肥替代,以减少硫肥用量过大对烟叶燃烧性能以及土壤酸化的消极影响。Cigar-filler variety Chuxue 14(CX-14) was used to conduct a field experimen to study the effects of sulfur fertilizer dosages including 0,60,120 and 180 kg/hm^(2) on the agronomic traits,yield,quality and combustion performance of cigar tobacco.The results showed that the plant height,maximum leaf width,leaf length,effective leaf number,and SPAD value of cigar tobacco during the period of growth,the yield and the rate of superior tobacco under applying sulfur fertilizer was increased compared with no sulfur application,thus the output value of cigar tobacco was increased as well.Among them,the yield and output value were highest under 120 kg/hm^(2) sulfur application,and the rate of superior tobacco was highest under 60 kg/hm^(2) sulfur application.The application of sulfur fertilizer tended to increase the content of total sugar,reducing sugar,and crude protein,the proportion of reducing sugar in cigar tobacco leaves,which in turn helped to improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves.Compared with no sulfur application,the 60 kg/hm^(2) sulfur application increased the activation energy during tobacco combustion,lowered the initial temperature of tobacco combustion,and reduced the content of ash.The maximum heat flux temperature and total heat release increased by 10.9% and 6.3%,respectively,and the frequency factor during combustion decreased by 43.7%,thereby improving the combustion performance of tobacco leaves.It is indicated that the appropriate sulfur fertilizer dosage for cigar tobacco leaves was 60 kg/hm^(2) under the conditions of this experiment.Excessive application of sulfur fertilizer including 120 kg/hm^(2) and 180 kg/hm^(2)can increase the yield and economic benefits of cigar tobacco leaves,but it is not conducive to improving the combustion performance of tobacco leaves.Therefore,it is possible to consider reducing the application of potassium sulfate fertilizer appropriately in the process of planting cigar and replacing it with potassium carbonate and other potassium fertilizers to reduce th

关 键 词：硫肥 烤烟栽培 雪茄 烟叶品质 燃烧性能 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S143.71[农业科学—作物学]