不同改良措施对重盐碱地夹层土壤的脱盐效果  

Effects of different improvement measures on desalination of interlayer soil in heavy saline-alkali land

作　　者：刘洪波 白云岗 卢震林 郑明 丁宇 肖军 韩政宇 LIU Hongbo;BAI Yungang;LU Zhenlin;ZHENG Ming;DING Yu;XIAO Jun;HAN Zhengyu(Xinjiang Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Sciences,Urumqi 830049,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization in Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049 [2]农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第2期177-189,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805-04,2021YFD1900803-02);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技计划项目(2022A02007-3);新疆天山英才领军人才培养项目(2022TSYCLJ0069)。

摘　　要：针对现有重盐碱地改良措施中工程量大与生产成本高的现实问题,以渭干河灌区规模化高效节水建设后集中连片形成的大面积重盐碱地夹层土壤为研究对象,通过大田小区试验,研究不同措施在冬灌条件下的土壤水盐变化规律,结果显示:各处理中以深翻处理脱盐率最高,为75.9%;其次是开沟打孔灌沙和打孔灌沙处理,分别为51.5%和39.4%;打孔和开沟打孔比较接近,分别为38.2%和37.4%;开沟最低,为33.9%。通过2次和3次冬灌后,在0~20 cm土层,各处理含盐量由2020年冬灌前的7.06~11.61 g/kg降到2022年冬灌后的2.00~5.91 g/kg,脱盐率为76.8%~382.5%,表明表层土壤由初始的中重度盐碱土改良为轻中度盐碱土,反映出黏土夹层对水盐运移的阻滞作用,也表明打孔灌沙措施可以作为一种简单实用的措施来提高盐碱地的洗盐效果与抑制返盐。The large-scale interlayer soil in heavy saline-alkali land formed by concentrated and continuous sections after the water-saving construction with large-scale and high efficiency in the Weigan River irrigation area was used to solve the practical problems of large quantity of engineering and high cost of production in the existing improvement measures for heavy saline-alkali land.The changes of water and salt in soil under winter irrigation conditions with different improvement measures were studied through field plot experiment.The results showed that the deep-turning treatment had the highest desalination rate of 75.9%among all the treatments,followed by ditching,drilling and sand filling,and drilling and sand filling treatment,accounting for 51.5% and 39.4%,respectively.The desalination rate of ditching and drilling was relatively close,accounting for 38.2% and 37.4% respectively.The lowest desalination rate of ditching was 33.9%.The content of salt under each measure in the 0-20 cm soil layer after two and three times of winter irrigation decreased from 7.06-11.61 g/kg before winter irrigation in 2020 to 2.00-5.91 g/kg after winter irrigation in 2022,with a desalination rate ranged from 76.8% to 382.5%.It is indicated that the surface soil has been improved from the initial medium-heavy saline-alkali soil to light-medium saline-alkali soil,reflecting the retarding effect of clay interlayers on the transport of water and salt.Drilling and sand filling can be used as a simple and practical measure to improve the effect of salt leaching and suppress the return of salt in saline-alkali land.It will provide basic data and technical reference for the rational selection of improvement measures for interlayer soil in the heavy saline-alkali land.

关 键 词：土壤盐渍化 重盐碱地 土壤改良 脱盐 盐分淋洗 冬灌 夹层土壤 

分 类 号：S56.4[农业科学—作物学]