半夏病害生防菌的筛选及其生物有机肥促生防病效果  

Screening of biocontrol bacteria against Pinellia ternata diseases and control effect of bio-organic fertilizer on promoting growth and preventing diseases

作　　者：史海静 徐明江 朱银城 朱国锋 任竹青 吴健 SHI Haijing;XU Mingjiang;ZHU Yincheng;ZHU Guofeng;REN Zhuqing;WU Jian(Animal Science and Technology,College-Animal Medical College,Huazhong Agriculture University,Wuhan 430070,China;Yichang Yiling District Animal Epidemic Disease Prevention Control Center,Yichang 443100,China;Yichang Yiling District Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Service Center,Yichang 443100,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院、动物医学院,武汉430070 [2]宜昌市夷陵区动物疫病预防控制中心,宜昌443100 [3]宜昌市夷陵区农产品质量安全服务中心,宜昌443100

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第2期212-220,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1301904);湖北省重点研发项目(2024BBB067);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFD033)。

摘　　要：半夏病害是阻碍半夏产业化发展的重要因素,为筛选促进半夏生长、抗病害的优良菌株,对半夏根际土壤的菌株进行分离筛选,得到9株对尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、链格孢和辣椒疫霉等多种半夏病原菌均有拮抗作用的菌株,对上述菌株进行鉴定及抑菌能力测定,并研制成微生物肥料,研究该生物有机肥对半夏促生长及病害防治效果。结果显示,菌株21-2抑菌效果最好,经鉴定该菌株为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。菌株21-2对半夏5种常见病原菌均有较好的抑制作用,对半夏种子的萌发具有显著促进作用。菌株21-2菌悬液对半夏病害防效为45.83%,能显著提高半夏的株高、鲜质量、球茎质量和叶绿素含量。将多粘类芽孢杆菌21-2与秸秆生物碳及鸡粪有机肥混合制成的生物有机肥对半夏病害的防效可达61.90%。以上结果表明,多粘类芽孢杆菌21-2菌株可应用于半夏病害防治,对半夏生长有促进作用,具有较好的发展潜力与应用前景。Pinellia ternata diseases pose a significant obstacle to the industrial development of P.ternata.To screen for superior strains of beneficial microorganisms that promote growth and enhance resistance to P.ternata diseases,strains were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of P.ternata.Nine strains exhibiting antagonistic effects against various pathogens of P.ternata,including Fusarium oxysporum,Aspergillus,Fusarium,Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium solani,were successfully isolated.These strains were identified,and their antimicrobial activities were assessed.Subsequently,the strains were formulated into microbial fertilizers,and their effects on promoting growth promotion and controlling disease in P.ternata were evaluated.The results showed that strain 21-2 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity,and identification confirmed that the strain was Paenibacillus polymyxa.Strain 21-2 demonstrated notable inhibitory effects against five common pathogens of P.ternata and significantly promoted the germination of P.ternata seeds.The bacterial suspension of strain 21-2 exhibited a disease control efficacy of 45.83% against diseases affecting P.ternata and significantly enhanced the plant's height,fresh weight,bulb weight,and chlorophyll content.The bio-organic fertilizer,which consists of P.polymyxa 21-2,straw-derived biochar,and organic fertilizer from chicken manure,exhibited a disease control efficacy of 61.90% against diseases affecting P.ternata.The results indicated that the P.polymyxa strain 21-2 could be effectively utilized for controlling diseases in P.ternata,promoting its growth,and demonstrating significant potential for further development and application.

关 键 词：半夏 真菌病害 多粘类芽孢杆菌 生物防治 生物有机肥 

分 类 号：S435.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]