2种砧木对‘早红’脐橙生长和果实品质的影响  

Effects of two rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of ‘Zaohong’ navel oranges

作　　者：路妍 魏冉冉 叶俊丽[1] 柴利军[1] 邓秀新[1] 廖胜才 谢宗周[1] LU Yan;WEI Ranran;YE Junli;CHAI Lijun;DENG Xiuxin;LIAO Shengcai;XIE Zongzhou(National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops/College of Horticulture&Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Zigui County Fruit Tea Development Center,Zigui 443699,China)

机构地区：[1]果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室/华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]秭归县果茶发展中心,秭归443699

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第2期243-250,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA238);长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司自主创新项目(CX2021Z52)。

摘　　要：为比较不同砧木对‘早红’脐橙果实品质和树体生长的影响,对枳砧和红橘砧以及枳砧早红靠接红橘砧(枳+红橘)3种砧穗组合的成年树及五年生幼树进行了研究。结果显示,嫁接不同砧木‘早红’脐橙的光合作用及产物、树体长势、果实产量及品质均存在差异。在叶片可溶性糖含量、胞间CO_(2)浓度和气孔导度方面,枳砧>枳+红橘砧>红橘砧;在营养生长、树势及果实产量方面,株高、冠幅、枝梢长度、叶片大小及果实产量表现为红橘砧>枳+红橘砧>枳砧;在果实品质方面,枳砧在果实可溶性固形物含量和总酸含量上高于其他组合,其中枳砧的可溶性糖含量与其他组合存在显著性差异,而不同砧木的固酸比无显著差异。在果实单果质量上,红橘砧与枳+红橘砧均大于枳砧,且枳砧在不同年份间果实大小不稳定。以上结果表明,红橘砧的树势较强,果实产量、单果质量高,且固酸比不逊于枳砧,总体经济效益更佳,适宜在三峡库区推广使用。‘Zaohong'navel orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck + C.unshiu Marc.] is a grafted chimaera of ‘Robertson' navel orange [C.sinensis(L.) Osbeck] and ‘Guoqing 1' satsuma mandarin [C.unshiu Marc.].The ‘Zaohong' navel orange has the peels of a navel orange and the flesh of a tangerine.It has a good flavor that has made it a favorite in recent years.The effects of different rootstocks on the growth of tree and fruit quality of ‘Zaohong' navel orange were evaluated to provide a scientific basis for growers of ‘Zaohong' navel orange species to select the optimal combinations of rootstock.The ‘Zaohong' navel orange was used to study the effects of three different combinations of rootstock including C.reticulata Blanco cv.Red tangerine(Rt),Poncirus trifoliata Raf.(Pt),and originally Poncirus trifoliata and then red tangerine(Pt+Rt) on the growth and the fruit quality of the oranges.The results showed that there were differences in photosynthesis and its products,the growth of tree,fruit yield and quality of ‘Zaohong' navel oranges grafted on different rootstocks.The content of soluble sugar in leaves,the concentration of intercellular CO_(2) and the stomatal conductivity were in the decreasing order of Pt>Pt+Rt>Rt.The growth of tree and fruit yield,plant height,crown diameter,shoot length,leaf size and fruit yield were in the decreasing order of Rt>Pt+Rt>Rt.The fruit quality including the content of soluble solids and total acid in Pt was higher than that in the other two combinations.There was no significant difference in the solids-acid ratio of the different combinations of rootstocks.The fruit weight of Rt and Pt+Rt was larger than that of Pt.The fruit size of Pt was unstable among different years.It is indicated that Rt has stronger growth of tree,higher yield of fruit and weight of single fruit,with acid fixation ratio not inferior to that of Pt.Rt has better economic benefits and is suitable for promotion and use in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

关 键 词：柑橘 ‘早红’脐橙 砧木评价 果实品质 树势差异 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]