荸荠移栽期秧苗茎秆的径向压缩、剪切与弯曲试验  

Experiments of radial compression,shearing,and bending on stalks of water chestnut seedlings at stage of transplanting

作　　者：宿衍强 周勇[1] SU Yanqiang;ZHOU Yong(College of Engineering/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2025年第2期276-283,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-24-D-02)。

摘　　要：研究移栽期荸荠茎秆的力学特性可为实现移栽的机械化提供理论基础。以湖北省黄冈市团风县的鄂荠1号和大红袍荸荠茎秆为研究对象,利用TMS-PRO质构仪进行径向压缩、剪切和弯曲试验。结果表明,径向压缩试验时茎秆径向承受力从上往下依次增大,下部均值为4.0~4.1 N;搁置时间越长(4 h内),茎秆含水率越低,径向承受力越小;加载速率对径向承受力的影响不显著。剪切试验结果表明,茎秆下部剪切力最大,均值在120~165 N,剪切强度6 MPa左右。4 h的搁置时长对剪切力的影响不显著。弯曲试验结果表明,茎秆上部的抗弯刚度最小,均值在1.4×10^(-3)~1.6×10^(-3) N·m^(2),中部的弯曲弹性模量最大,均值在290~405 MPa,下部的截面惯性矩最大,均值在33~35 mm4,且受力均明显高于上部和中部,其最大载荷的平均数值小于2 N。The mechanical properties of stalks of water chestnut at the stage of transplanting were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanization of transplanting.Experiments of radial compression,shearing,and bending on the stalks of Hubei water chestnut No.1 and Dahongpao water chestnut from Tuanfeng County,Huanggang City,Hubei Province,China,were carried out with TMS-PRO textrometer.The results showed that the capacity of radial bearing in the stalks increased from the top to the bottom,with the average value of the lower part ranged from 4.0 N to 4.1 N.The longer the shelving time(within 4hours),the lower the content of moisture in the stalks and the smaller the capacity of radial bearing.The effect of loading rate on the capacity of radial bearing was not significant.The lower part of the stalks had the highest force of shearing,with an average of 120 N to 165 N and a strength of shearing about 6 MPa.The effect of a 4-hour resting time on force of shearing was not significant.The upper part of the stalk had the smallest stiffness of bending,with an average between 1.4×10^(-3) N·m^(2) and 1.6×10^(-3) N·m^(2),the middle part had the largest bending modulus of elasticity,with an average between 290 MPa and 405 MPa,and the lower part had the largest cross-sectional moment of inertia,with an average between 33 mm4 and 35 mm4,and the force of the lower part was significantly higher than that of the upper and middle parts,with an average of the maximum load less than 2 N.It will provide a basis for the design of the machine tools for cutting,handling and transplanting of seedlings.

关 键 词：荸荠茎秆 移栽期 压缩 弯曲 剪切 

分 类 号：S223.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]